German University for Health and Sport, Vulkanstr. 1, 10367, Berlin, Germany.
The Public Health Agency of Sweden, SE-83140, Östersund, Sweden.
Addiction. 2021 Jan;116(1):116-125. doi: 10.1111/add.15093. Epub 2020 May 30.
In psychiatric diagnosis, different symptoms of gambling problems are usually aggregated into a single indicator of disorder severity, which has resulted in a knowledge gap on the specific roles of the different issues with which some gamblers struggle. This study estimated the association between baseline symptoms of gambling problems and (i) other symptoms, (ii) the overall severity of gambling problems after 12 months, and the estimated stability rates of various gambling problems after (iii) 12 months and (iv) 5 years. Design and Setting Secondary analysis of data derived from the Swedish Longitudinal Gambling Study (SWELOGS), a prospective representative cohort study conducted between 2008 and 2014 in Sweden.
A total of 8165 respondents from 16-84 years of age recruited in a stratified random sampling procedure. Among them, 6021 answered the 1-year follow-up survey and 3559 answered the 5-year follow-up survey.
Nine symptoms related to gambling were assessed using the Problem Gambling Severity Index (excessive gambling, tolerance, chasing, loans, insight, health problems, criticism, financial problems, and guilt).
Excessive gambling, tolerance, chasing, loans and guilt significantly increased the risk of a range of other symptoms. Chasing and tolerance also tripled the risk of transitioning to more severe gambling problems (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = [1.5-5.5], P = 0.001 and OR = 2.7, 95% CI = [1.6-4.5], P < 0.001, respectively). Stability rates of the different symptoms ranged between 22% (95% CI = [12-31%]) and 42% (95% CI = [35-48%]) after 1 year and 3% (95% CI = [0-10%]) and 19% (95% CI = [7-30%]) after 5 years with chasing being the most stable problem (42% [95% CI = (35-48%)] after 1 year and 17% [95% CI = (6-28%)] after 5 years).
In psychiatric diagnosis, four symptoms of problem gambling (chasing, tolerance, excessive gambling and guilt) appear to have prognostic validity in assessing gambling-related risk. The symptoms of tolerance and chasing appear to increase the risk of progressing to more severe gambling problems.
在精神科诊断中，不同的赌博问题症状通常被汇总为一个单一的障碍严重程度指标，这导致了对一些赌徒所面临的具体问题的特定角色的认识差距。本研究估计了基线赌博问题症状与以下因素之间的关联：(i) 其他症状；(ii) 12 个月后赌博问题总体严重程度；以及在 (iii) 12 个月和 (iv) 5 年后各种赌博问题的估计稳定性率。
对瑞典纵向赌博研究（SWELOGS）的数据进行二次分析，这是一项于 2008 年至 2014 年期间在瑞典进行的前瞻性代表性队列研究。
总共招募了 8165 名年龄在 16-84 岁之间的受访者，采用分层随机抽样程序。其中，6021 名受访者回答了 1 年随访调查，3559 名受访者回答了 5 年随访调查。
使用赌博问题严重程度指数（过度赌博、耐受性、追逐、贷款、洞察力、健康问题、批评、财务问题和内疚感）评估了九个与赌博相关的症状。
过度赌博、耐受性、追逐、贷款和内疚感显著增加了一系列其他症状的风险。追逐和耐受性也使更严重的赌博问题的风险增加了两倍（OR=2.9，95%CI=[1.5-5.5]，P=0.001 和 OR=2.7，95%CI=[1.6-4.5]，P<0.001）。不同症状的稳定性率在 1 年后为 22%（95%CI=[12-31%]）至 42%（95%CI=[35-48%]）之间，5 年后为 3%（95%CI=[0-10%]）至 19%（95%CI=[7-30%]），其中追逐是最稳定的问题（1 年后为 42%[95%CI=[35-48%]，5 年后为 17%[95%CI=[6-28%]）。
在精神科诊断中，赌博问题的四个症状（追逐、耐受性、过度赌博和内疚感）似乎在评估与赌博相关的风险方面具有预后价值。耐受性和追逐的症状似乎增加了发展为更严重赌博问题的风险。
