REACH Institute, Psychology Department, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2021 Feb;33(1):201-215. doi: 10.1017/S095457941900169X.
This 15-year longitudinal follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of a parenting-focused preventive intervention for divorced families examined cascade models of program effects on offsprings' competence. It was hypothesized that intervention-induced improvements in parenting would lead to better academic, work, peer, and romantic competence in emerging adulthood through effects on behavior problems and competencies during adolescence. Families (N = 240) participated in the 11-session program or literature control condition when children were ages 9-12. Data were drawn from assessments at pretest, posttest, and follow-ups at 3 and 6 months and 6 and 15 years. Results showed that initial intervention effects of parenting on externalizing problems in adolescence cascaded to work outcomes in adulthood. Parenting effects also directly impacted work success. For work outcomes and peer competence, intervention effects were moderated by initial risk level; the program had greater effects on youths with higher risk at program entry. In addition, intervention effects on parenting led to fewer externalizing problems that in turn cascaded to better academic outcomes, which showed continuity into emerging adulthood. Results highlight the potential for intervention effects of the New Beginnings Program to cascade over time to affect adult competence in multiple domains, particularly for high-risk youths.
本研究对一项针对离婚家庭的以育儿为重点的预防干预措施的随机对照试验进行了 15 年的纵向随访，旨在检验该方案对后代能力的级联效应模型。研究假设，干预措施对育儿的改善将通过对青少年时期行为问题和能力的影响，导致成年后更好的学业、工作、同伴和恋爱能力。当孩子年龄在 9-12 岁时，240 个家庭（N=240）参加了 11 节的方案或文献对照组。数据来自于前测、后测以及 3 个月、6 个月和 15 年的随访评估。结果表明，育儿方面的初始干预效果在青少年时期的外化问题上呈现出级联效应，进而影响到成年后的工作结果。育儿效果也直接影响到工作的成功。对于工作结果和同伴能力，干预效果受到初始风险水平的调节；对于那些在项目开始时风险较高的青少年，该项目的效果更大。此外，育儿方面的干预效果导致外化问题减少，这反过来又导致更好的学业成绩，这些成绩在成年早期也具有延续性。研究结果强调了“新起点计划”的干预效果具有随时间级联的潜力，能够在多个领域影响成年后的能力，特别是对高风险的青少年。
