Patock-Peckham Julie A, Ebbert Ashley M, Woo Jessica, Finch Hannah, Broussard Matthew L, Ulloa Emilio, Moses Jennifer Filson
Arizona State University, United States.
San Diego State University, United States.
Pers Individ Dif. 2020 Feb 1;154. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109711. Epub 2019 Nov 18.
Hypercompetitiveness reflects the need to compete and win at all costs as a means of maintaining or enhancing one's own self-worth (Horney, 1937; Ryckman, Hammer, Kaczor, & Gold, 1990). This need to win at any cost is linked to expressions of verbal and physical aggression, which may take a toll on important relationships (Hibbard & Buhrmester, 2010). We sought to explore whether parental bonds with mothers and fathers (i.e., care, rejection, autonomy, and overprotection) were indirectly linked to aggression via the mediating mechanisms of hypercompetitiveness and feelings of anger. A sample of 581 university students (316 females; 265 males) were used to examine a multiple-group structural equation model. Tests of structural invariance revealed clear moderation by gender. For instance, the pathway from verbal to physical aggression was stronger for males compared to females. For females only, higher levels of father care were indirectly linked to fewer acts of physical aggression. For both genders, higher levels of mother overprotection were indirectly linked to more acts of physical aggression through increased hypercompetitiveness and, in turn, more feelings of anger. Findings regarding maternal overprotection are consistent with both Evolutionary and Social Learning theories of behavior.
过度竞争反映了一种不惜一切代价去竞争和获胜的需求，以此作为维持或提升自身自尊的一种方式（霍妮，1937年；里克曼、哈默、卡佐尔和戈尔德，1990年）。这种不惜任何代价获胜的需求与言语和身体攻击行为相关，这可能会对重要关系造成损害（希巴德和布赫梅斯特，2010年）。我们试图探究与母亲和父亲的亲子关系（即关爱、拒绝、自主性和过度保护）是否通过过度竞争和愤怒情绪的中介机制与攻击行为存在间接联系。选取了581名大学生（316名女性；265名男性）作为样本，来检验一个多组结构方程模型。结构不变性检验显示出明显的性别调节作用。例如，相比女性，男性从言语攻击到身体攻击的路径更强。仅对女性而言，更高水平的父亲关爱与更少的身体攻击行为存在间接联系。对两性来说，更高水平的母亲过度保护通过增强过度竞争进而引发更多愤怒情绪，与更多的身体攻击行为存在间接联系。关于母亲过度保护的研究结果与行为的进化理论和社会学习理论均相一致。
