Eskin Mehmet, Tran Ulrich S, Carta Mauro Giovanni, Poyrazli Senel, Flood Chris, Mechri Anwar, Shaheen Amira, Janghorbani Mohsen, Khader Yousef, Yoshimasu Kouichi, Sun Jian-Min, Kujan Omar, Abuidhail Jamila, Aidoudi Khouala, Bakhshi Seifollah, Harlak Hacer, Moro Maria Francesca, Phillips Louise, Hamdan Motasem, Abuderman Abdulwahab, Tsuno Kanami, Voracek Martin
Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Front Psychiatry. 2020 Apr 3;11:259. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00259. eCollection 2020.
The associations of individualistic versus collectivistic value orientations with suicidal ideation and attempts, attitudes towards suicide and towards suicidal individuals, and psychological distress were investigated across 12 nations ( = 5572 university students). We expected differential associations of value orientations with suicidal behavior and moderating effects of the prevailing value orientations in the various countries. Findings showed that intermediate levels of individualism appeared protective against suicide attempts across all investigated nations, but that, otherwise, there seemingly are no universal associations of individualism and collectivism with suicidal behaviors. High collectivism was associated with less suicidal ideation only in individualistic countries. Low individualism appeared to be a risk factor for suicidal ideation specifically in Muslim collectivistic cultures, whereas high individualism in Asian collectivistic cultures. Collectivistic values are uniformly associated with less permissive attitudes to suicide, whereas individualistic values with a more stigmatized view of suicidal behavior. Both individualistic and collectivistic values were associated with socially accepting attitudes to a suicidal peer, helping a suicidal friend, and emotional involvement. The associations of individualistic and collectivistic values with disapproving attitudes to suicidal disclosure were complex. Beliefs in punishment after death for suicide, seeing suicide as mental illness, and emotional involvement with a suicidal friend were lower in high-suicide-rate countries. These evidence patterns are discussed in the light of related research evidence, along with directions for future research in this area.
在12个国家（共5572名大学生）中，研究了个人主义与集体主义价值取向与自杀意念、自杀未遂、对自杀及自杀者的态度以及心理困扰之间的关联。我们预期价值取向与自杀行为之间存在不同的关联，且不同国家普遍的价值取向会产生调节作用。研究结果表明，中等程度的个人主义在所有被调查国家中似乎对自杀未遂有保护作用，但除此之外，个人主义和集体主义与自杀行为之间似乎不存在普遍的关联。只有在个人主义国家，高集体主义与较少的自杀意念相关。低个人主义似乎是穆斯林集体主义文化中自杀意念的一个风险因素，而在亚洲集体主义文化中则是高个人主义。集体主义价值观始终与对自杀较不宽容的态度相关，而个人主义价值观与对自杀行为更具污名化的看法相关。个人主义和集体主义价值观都与对有自杀倾向的同伴的社会接纳态度、帮助有自杀倾向的朋友以及情感投入相关。个人主义和集体主义价值观与对自杀披露持不赞成态度之间的关联很复杂。在自杀率高的国家，对自杀死后受惩罚的信念、将自杀视为精神疾病以及与有自杀倾向的朋友的情感投入较低。根据相关研究证据对这些证据模式进行了讨论，并指出了该领域未来的研究方向。
