Hammoudi Halat Dalal, Ayoub Moubareck Carole
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Bekaa Campuses, Lebanon.
College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, UAE.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2020 Apr 16;9(4):186. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9040186.
Carbapenemases are β-lactamases belonging to different Ambler classes (A, B, D) and can be encoded by both chromosomal and plasmid-mediated genes. These enzymes represent the most potent β-lactamases, which hydrolyze a broad variety of β-lactams, including carbapenems, cephalosporins, penicillin, and aztreonam. The major issues associated with carbapenemase production are clinical due to compromising the activity of the last resort antibiotics used for treating serious infections, and epidemiological due to their dissemination into various bacteria across almost all geographic regions. Carbapenemase-producing have received more attention upon their first report in the early 1990s. Currently, there is increased awareness of the impact of nonfermenting bacteria, such as and , as well as other Gram-negative bacteria that are carbapenemase-producers. Outside the scope of clinical importance, carbapenemases are also detected in bacteria from environmental and zoonotic niches, which raises greater concerns over their prevalence, and the need for public health measures to control consequences of their propagation. The aims of the current review are to define and categorize the different families of carbapenemases, and to overview the main lines of their spread across different bacterial groups.
碳青霉烯酶是属于不同安布勒分类（A、B、D）的β-内酰胺酶，可由染色体和质粒介导的基因编码。这些酶是最有效的β-内酰胺酶，可水解多种β-内酰胺类抗生素，包括碳青霉烯类、头孢菌素类、青霉素类和氨曲南。与碳青霉烯酶产生相关的主要问题，在临床方面是因为其会削弱用于治疗严重感染的最后一道防线抗生素的活性，在流行病学方面是因为它们传播到几乎所有地理区域的各种细菌中。产碳青霉烯酶的细菌在20世纪90年代初首次报道后受到了更多关注。目前，人们越来越意识到非发酵菌，如铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌，以及其他产碳青霉烯酶的革兰氏阴性菌的影响。在临床重要性范围之外，在环境和人畜共患病生态位的细菌中也检测到了碳青霉烯酶，这引发了人们对其流行情况的更大担忧，以及对采取公共卫生措施来控制其传播后果的需求。本综述的目的是定义和分类不同的碳青霉烯酶家族，并概述它们在不同细菌群体中的主要传播途径。
