Spanic Valentina, Katanic Zorana, Sulyok Michael, Krska Rudolf, Puskas Katalin, Vida Gyula, Drezner Georg, Šarkanj Bojan
Agricultural Institute Osijek, Juzno predgradje 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8a, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
Microorganisms. 2020 Apr 17;8(4):578. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8040578.
In this study, the occurrence of multiple fungal metabolites including mycotoxins was determined in four different winter wheat varieties in a field experiment in Croatia. One group was naturally infected, while the second group was inoculated with a and mixture to simulate a worst-case infection scenario. Data on the multiple fungal metabolites including mycotoxins were acquired with liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) multi-(myco)toxin method. In total, 36 different fungal metabolites were quantified in this study: the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), DON-3-glucoside (D3G), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), culmorin (CULM), 15-hydroxyculmorin, 5-hydroxyculmorin, aurofusarin, rubrofusarin, enniatin (Enn) A, Enn A1, Enn B, Enn B1, Enn B2, Enn B3, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, chrysogin, zearalenone (ZEN), moniliformin (MON), nivalenol (NIV), siccanol, equisetin, beauvericin (BEA), and antibiotic Y; the mycotoxins alternariol, alternariolmethylether, altersetin, infectopyron, tentoxin, tenuazonic acid; the mycotoxin kojic acid; unspecific metabolites butenolid, brevianamid F, cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr), cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val), and tryptophol. The most abundant mycotoxins in the inoculated and naturally contaminated samples, respectively, were found to occur at the following average concentrations: DON (19,122/1504 µg/kg), CULM (6109/1010 µg/kg), 15-hydroxyculmorin (56,022/1301 µg/kg), 5-hydroxyculmorin (21,219/863 µg/kg), aurofusarin (43,496/1266 µg/kg). Compared to naturally-infected samples, inoculations at the flowering stage increased the concentrations of all mycotoxins, except enniatins and siccanol in Ficko, the metabolite kojic acid, the mycotoxin altersetin, and unspecific metabolites brevianamid F, butenolid, cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr), and cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val). In contrast to these findings, because of possible antagonistic actions, inoculation decreased the concentrations of the toxins alternariol, alternariolmethylether, infectopyron, tentoxin, tenuazonic acid, as well as the concentration of the nonspecific metabolite tryptophol.
在本研究中，通过克罗地亚的一项田间试验，测定了四个不同冬小麦品种中多种真菌代谢产物（包括霉菌毒素）的发生情况。一组为自然感染，而第二组接种了一种混合物以模拟最坏情况的感染场景。采用液相色谱 - 质谱联用（LC-MS/MS）多（霉菌）毒素方法获取了包括霉菌毒素在内的多种真菌代谢产物的数据。本研究共定量了36种不同的真菌代谢产物：15种霉菌毒素，分别为脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、DON - 3 - 葡萄糖苷（D3G）、3 - 乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（3 - ADON）、 culmorin（CULM）、15 - 羟基culmorin、5 - 羟基culmorin、金褐霉素、红褐霉素、恩镰孢菌素（Enn）A、Enn A1、Enn B、Enn B1、Enn B2、Enn B3、伏马菌素B1、伏马菌素B2、 Chrysogin、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）、串珠镰刀菌素（MON）、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（NIV）、西卡诺醇、木贼菌素、白僵菌素（BEA）和抗生素Y；5种霉菌毒素，分别为链格孢酚、链格孢酚甲醚、Altersetin、感染吡喃酮、细交链孢菌酮酸；1种霉菌毒素曲酸；非特异性代谢产物丁烯内酯、短杆菌肽F、环（L - 脯氨酸 - L - 酪氨酸）、环（L - 脯氨酸 - L - 缬氨酸）和色醇。接种和自然污染样品中最丰富的霉菌毒素，其平均浓度分别如下：DON（19,122/1504 μg/kg）、CULM（6109/1010 μg/kg）、15 - 羟基culmorin（56,022/1301 μg/kg）、5 - 羟基culmorin（21,2,19/863 μg/kg）、金褐霉素（43,496/1266 μg/kg）。与自然感染样品相比，开花期接种增加了所有15种霉菌毒素的浓度，但Ficko品种中的恩镰孢菌素和西卡诺醇除外，增加了1种代谢产物曲酸的浓度，增加了5种霉菌毒素中的Altersetin的浓度，以及非特异性代谢产物短杆菌肽F、丁烯内酯、环（L - 脯氨酸 - L - 酪氨酸）和环（L - 脯氨酸 - L - 缬氨酸）的浓度。与这些发现相反，由于可能的拮抗作用，接种降低了5种毒素链格孢酚、链格孢酚甲醚、感染吡喃酮、细交链孢菌酮酸的浓度，以及非特异性代谢产物色醇的浓度。
