Rojas Edward C, Jensen Birgit, Jørgensen Hans J L, Latz Meike A C, Esteban Pilar, Collinge David B
Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Mar 25;8(4):345. doi: 10.3390/jof8040345.
The fungal endophyte ML37 is a biocontrol agent of Fusarium head blight in wheat (caused by ), which has shown a limited direct inhibition of fungal growth in vitro. We used RNA-seq and LC-MS/MS analyses to elucidate metabolic interactions of the three-way system Penicillium-wheat-Fusarium in greenhouse experiments. We demonstrated that ML37 colonises wheat spikes and transiently activates plant defence mechanisms, as pretreated spikes show a faster and stronger expression of the defence metabolism during the first 24 h after pathogen inoculation. This effect was transient and the expression of the same genes was lower in the pathogen-infected spikes than in those infected by alone. This response to the endophyte includes the transcriptional activation of several WRKY transcription factors. This early activation is associated with a reduction in FHB symptoms and significantly lower levels of the metabolites 15-acetyl-DON and culmorin. An increase in the Penicillium-associated metabolite asperphanamate confirms colonisation by the endophyte. Our results suggest that the mode of action used by ML37 is via a local defence activation in wheat spikes, and that this fungus has potential as a novel biological alternative in wheat disease control.
真菌内生菌ML37是小麦赤霉病（由 引起）的一种生物防治剂，其在体外对真菌生长的直接抑制作用有限。我们使用RNA测序和液相色谱-串联质谱分析来阐明温室试验中青霉-小麦-镰刀菌三元系统的代谢相互作用。我们证明ML37定殖于小麦穗并短暂激活植物防御机制，因为预处理的穗在病原体接种后的最初24小时内显示出防御代谢更快、更强的表达。这种效应是短暂的，相同基因在病原体感染的穗中的表达低于仅受 感染的穗。对内生菌的这种反应包括几种WRKY转录因子的转录激活。这种早期激活与赤霉病症状的减轻以及15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和 culmorin等 代谢产物水平的显著降低有关。青霉相关代谢产物曲霉泛酸的增加证实了内生菌的定殖。我们的结果表明，ML37的作用方式是通过局部激活小麦穗中的防御机制，并且这种真菌有潜力作为小麦病害防治的一种新型生物替代物。
