Multifunctional red carbon dots: a theranostic platform for magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence imaging-guided chemodynamic therapy.

In recent years, carbon dots (CDs) with red-emitting wavelengths have received increasing attention in cancer therapy and imaging. Here, we reported a multi-functional CD based platform combining bimodal magnetic resonance/fluorescence (MR/FL) imaging and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) for in vivo imaging of tumor tissues and efficient anticancer treatment. The red-emitting CDs were synthesized via a one-step solvothermal method with p-phenylenediamine as the carbon source. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was covalently coupled to the surface of CDs and then complexed with Fe2+ and Gd3+ to obtain functionalized red CDs (CDs@EDTA@Gd@Fe). CDs@EDTA@Gd@Fe exhibited bright and stable fluorescence and strong T1-weighted MR imaging (MRI) contrast. Moreover, the CDs@EDTA@Gd@Fe showed an excellent anticancer effect both in vitro and in vivo via a Fenton reaction-based CDT by releasing Fe2+ in the tumor. Our study offers a promising strategy for developing multi-functional CDs for cancer theranostics.