Campbell Lesley G, Dufresne Jaimie, Sabatinos Sarah A
Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada.
Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2020 Feb 27;5(1):105-116. doi: 10.1089/can.2018.0015. eCollection 2020 Mar 1.
Understanding the inheritance of cannabinoid compounds in will facilitate effective crop breeding and careful regulation of controlled substances. The production of two key cannabinoids, Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), is partially controlled by two additive loci. Here, we present the first study to search for evidence of alternate genetic models describing the inheritance and expression of cannabinoids. Using an information-theoretic approach, we estimated composite genetic effects (CGEs) of four cultivars with pure CBD or pure THC chemotypes, their F and F hybrid progeny, to identify genetic models that explain cannabinoid inheritance patterns. We also estimated the effective number of genetic factors that control differences in cannabinoid concentration (THC, CBD, and cannabichromene [CBC]). Unlike previous research, we note nonadditive components of cannabinoid inheritance. Concentration of THC is a polygenic trait (three to four genetic factors). Both additive and dominance CGEs best explained THC expression patterns. In contrast, cytoplasmic genomes and additive genes may influence CBD concentration. Maternal additive effects and additive genetic effects apparently influence CBC expression. Cannabinoid inheritance is more complex than previously appreciated; among other genetic effects, cytogenetic and maternal contributions may be undervalued influences on cannabinoid ratios and concentrations. Further research on the environmental sensitivity of cannabinoid production is advised.
了解大麻素化合物的遗传特性将有助于有效的作物育种和对受控物质的严格监管。两种关键大麻素，Δ-9-四氢大麻酚（THC）和大麻二酚（CBD）的产生部分受两个加性基因座控制。在此，我们开展了第一项研究，以寻找描述大麻素遗传和表达的替代遗传模型的证据。我们采用信息论方法，估计了具有纯CBD或纯THC化学类型的四个品种及其F1和F2杂交后代的复合遗传效应（CGEs），以确定能解释大麻素遗传模式的遗传模型。我们还估计了控制大麻素浓度差异（THC、CBD和大麻色烯[CBC]）的遗传因子的有效数量。与之前的研究不同，我们注意到大麻素遗传的非加性成分。THC的浓度是一个多基因性状（三到四个遗传因子）。加性和显性CGEs都能最好地解释THC的表达模式。相比之下，细胞质基因组和加性基因可能会影响CBD的浓度。母体加性效应和加性遗传效应显然会影响CBC的表达。大麻素的遗传比之前认为的更为复杂；在其他遗传效应中，细胞遗传学和母体贡献可能对大麻素比例和浓度的影响被低估了。建议进一步研究大麻素产生的环境敏感性。
