Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences.
Department of Psychology.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2020 Sep;46(9):901-911. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000756. Epub 2020 Apr 23.
Spatial updating of self-to-object spatial relations may be performed online or offline. The set size effects in spatial updating are generally considered as a benchmark for indicating which updating strategy is used. Online updating is associated with transient egocentric representations and the presence of set size effects, whereas offline updating is associated with enduring allocentric representations and the absence of set size effects. In the present study, the updating strategy and the available spatial representations in updating were manipulated factorially. In a working memory (WM) paradigm, observers briefly learned a new layout of objects in each trial such that only the transient spatial representation was available during updating, whereas in a reference memory (RM) paradigm, observers learned the same layout of objects across trials such that both transient and enduring representations were available in updating. In both paradigms, observers were instructed to update online or offline. Set size effects showed up only in the WM paradigm but disappeared in the RM paradigm, regardless of the updating strategy. These results suggest that both updating strategies will produce set size effects if they use transient representations alone and that set size effects can be eliminated as long as enduring representations are used. These findings challenge the 2-system theories of spatial updating by showing that although online updating is naturally associated with transient spatial presentations, whereas offline updating is naturally associated with enduring representations, these default associations can be switched under manipulation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
自我-物体空间关系的空间更新可以在线或离线进行。空间更新中的集合大小效应通常被认为是指示使用哪种更新策略的基准。在线更新与瞬态自我中心表示和集合大小效应的存在有关，而离线更新与持久的以客体为中心的表示和集合大小效应的不存在有关。在本研究中，更新策略和更新中可用的空间表示被作为因子进行了操纵。在工作记忆 (WM) 范式中，观察者在每次试验中短暂地学习一个新的物体布局，因此在更新期间仅存在瞬态空间表示，而在参考记忆 (RM) 范式中，观察者在整个试验中学习相同的物体布局，因此在更新中既有瞬态表示又有持久表示。在这两种范式中，观察者被指示在线或离线进行更新。只有在 WM 范式中才出现了集合大小效应，而在 RM 范式中无论更新策略如何，集合大小效应都消失了。这些结果表明，只要使用持久的表示，两种更新策略都将产生集合大小效应，只要使用瞬态表示，集合大小效应就可以消除。这些发现通过表明尽管在线更新自然与瞬态空间呈现相关，而离线更新自然与持久表示相关，但这些默认关联可以在操纵下切换，从而挑战了空间更新的双系统理论。
