Majer Anna, McGreevy Alan, Booth Timothy F
Viral Diseases Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Apr 9;11:540. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00540. eCollection 2020.
Enteroviruses are single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses that primarily cause self-limiting gastrointestinal or respiratory illness. In some cases, these viruses can invade the central nervous system, causing life-threatening neurological diseases including encephalitis, meningitis and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). As we near the global eradication of poliovirus, formerly the major cause of AFP, the number of AFP cases have not diminished implying a non-poliovirus etiology. As the number of enteroviruses linked with neurological disease is expanding, of which many had previously little clinical significance, these viruses are becoming increasingly important to public health. Our current understanding of these non-polio enteroviruses is limited, especially with regards to their neurovirulence. Elucidating the molecular pathogenesis of these viruses is paramount for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the clinical diseases associated with neurotropic enteroviruses and discusses recent advances in the understanding of viral invasion of the central nervous system, cell tropism and molecular pathogenesis as it correlates with host responses.
肠道病毒是单链正义RNA病毒，主要引起自限性胃肠道或呼吸道疾病。在某些情况下，这些病毒可侵入中枢神经系统，导致危及生命的神经疾病，包括脑炎、脑膜炎和急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）。随着我们接近全球根除脊髓灰质炎病毒（以前是AFP的主要病因），AFP病例数并未减少，这意味着存在非脊髓灰质炎病毒病因。由于与神经疾病相关的肠道病毒数量不断增加，其中许多以前临床意义不大，这些病毒对公共卫生变得越来越重要。我们目前对这些非脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒的了解有限，尤其是关于它们的神经毒力。阐明这些病毒的分子发病机制对于开发有效的治疗策略至关重要。本综述总结了与嗜神经性肠道病毒相关的临床疾病，并讨论了在理解病毒侵入中枢神经系统、细胞嗜性和分子发病机制及其与宿主反应的相关性方面的最新进展。
