Cross-Talk between Gut Microbiota and the Heart: A New Target for the Herbal Medicine Treatment of Heart Failure?

Heart failure (HF) is the severe and terminal stage of various heart diseases. A growing number of studies have suggested the potential clinical significance of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of HF. Herbal medicine (HM) plays a role in rebalancing the composition of gut microbiota and is widely used in the prevention and treatment of HF. There are many similarities between intestinal microecology and the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, such as the holistic concept and the theory of the "heart's connection with the small intestine." These similarities provide a theoretical basis for HM to prevent and treat diseases by regulating the intestinal flora and its metabolites. In this work, the cross-talk between gut microbiota and the heart is reviewed, and the relationship between TCM and gut microbiota is discussed. Based on the current literature and research, we hypothesize that the cross-talk between gut microbiota and the heart may offer a new therapeutic target for HF intervention.