将大麻使用者纳入酒精研究样本中：筛选入组、筛选出组及相关影响。
Inclusion of Cannabis Users in Alcohol Research Samples: Screening In, Screening Out, and Implications.
机构信息
University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
出版信息
Alcohol Alcohol. 2020 Jun 25;55(4):416-423. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa023.
BACKGROUND
Alcohol and cannabis are frequently co-used, as 20-50% of those who drink alcohol report co-using cannabis. This study is based on the argument that alcohol researchers should enroll cannabis users in human laboratory studies of alcohol use disorder (AUD) to strengthen generalizability. This study examines how heavy drinking cannabis users differ from non-cannabis using heavy drinkers.
METHODS
In a community sample of non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers (n = 551, 35% female), cannabis users were identified through: (a) self-reported cannabis use in the past 6 months and (b) positive urine toxicology test for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Cannabis users, identified as described previously, were compared with non-cannabis users on demographic and clinical characteristics.
RESULTS
Those who endorsed cannabis use in the past 6 months reported more binge drinking days. Participants who tested positive for THC had higher Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test scores and more binge drinking days. Younger age and being a tobacco smoker were associated with an increased likelihood of cannabis use in the past 6 months, whereas male gender and being a tobacco use were associated with a greater likelihood of testing positive for THC. Individuals with cannabis use disorder (CUD) endorsed more depression and anxiety and had higher AUD symptom counts than cannabis users without CUD.
CONCLUSIONS
The inclusion of cannabis users in AUD samples allows for increased clinical severity. Excluding cannabis users from AUD studies may limit representativeness and expend unnecessary study resources. Lastly, tobacco use may explain a large portion of the effects of cannabis use on sample characteristics.
SHORT SUMMARY
Alcohol and cannabis are frequently co-used substances. In a sample of non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers (n = 551, 35% female), cannabis users reported higher alcohol use and higher likelihood of tobacco use than non-cannabis users. Including cannabis users in alcohol research studies will improve representativeness and likely increase clinical severity.
背景
酒精和大麻经常同时使用，因为 20-50%的饮酒者报告同时使用大麻。本研究基于这样一种观点，即酒精研究人员应该招募大麻使用者参加酒精使用障碍（AUD）的人类实验室研究，以增强普遍性。本研究考察了重度饮酒大麻使用者与非大麻使用重度饮酒者有何不同。
方法
在一个非治疗性寻求的重度饮酒者的社区样本中（n=551，35%为女性），通过以下两种方法确定大麻使用者：（a）过去 6 个月内自我报告的大麻使用情况和（b）尿液四氢大麻酚（THC）的阳性毒理学检测。如前所述，将大麻使用者与非大麻使用者在人口统计学和临床特征上进行比较。
结果
在过去 6 个月内报告有过狂欢饮酒日的人更倾向于使用大麻。尿液 THC 检测呈阳性的参与者有更高的酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）评分和更多的狂欢饮酒日。年龄较小和吸烟与过去 6 个月内大麻使用的可能性增加有关，而男性和吸烟与 THC 检测呈阳性的可能性增加有关。患有大麻使用障碍（CUD）的个体比没有 CUD 的大麻使用者报告更多的抑郁和焦虑症状，并且 AUD 症状数更高。
结论
在 AUD 样本中纳入大麻使用者可以提高临床严重程度。将大麻使用者排除在 AUD 研究之外可能会限制代表性并浪费不必要的研究资源。最后，吸烟可能解释了大麻使用对样本特征的大部分影响。
摘要
酒精和大麻经常同时使用。在一个非治疗性寻求的重度饮酒者样本中（n=551，35%为女性），大麻使用者比非大麻使用者报告了更高的酒精使用量和更高的吸烟可能性。在酒精研究中纳入大麻使用者将提高代表性，并可能增加临床严重程度。
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