Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2020 Apr 24;15(4):e0232210. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232210. eCollection 2020.
To identify and describe the characteristics of naturally occurring patterns of exercise, sitting in leisure time and at work and cardiorespiratory fitness, and the association of such profiles with metabolic risk factors, perceived health, and perceived symptoms.
64,970 participants (42% women, 18-75 years) participating in an occupational health service screening in 2014-2018 were included. Exercise and sitting were self-reported. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated using a submaximal cycle test. Latent profile analysis was used to identify profiles. BMI and blood pressure were assessed through physical examination. Perceived back/neck pain, overall stress, global health, and sleeping problems were self-reported.
Six profiles based on exercise, sitting in leisure time and at work and cardiorespiratory fitness were identified and labelled; Profile 1 "Inactive, low fit and average sitting in leisure, with less sitting at work"; Profile 2 "Inactive, low fit and sedentary"; Profile 3 "Active and average fit, with less sitting at work"; Profile 4 "Active, average fit and sedentary in leisure, with a sedentary work" (the most common profile, 35% of the population); Profile 5 "Active and fit, with a sedentary work"; Profile 6 "Active and fit, with less sitting at work". Some pairwise similarities were found between profiles (1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6), mainly based on similar levels of exercise, leisure time sitting and fitness, which translated into similar dose-response associations with the outcomes. In general, profile 1 and 2 demonstrated most adverse metabolic and perceived health, profile 4 had a more beneficial health than profile 3, as did profile 6 compared to profile 5.
The present results implies a large variation in exercise, sitting, and fitness when studying naturally occurring patterns, and emphasize the possibility to target exercise, sitting time, and/or fitness in health enhancing promotion intervention and strategies.
识别和描述休闲时间和工作时的运动、坐姿以及心肺适能的自然发生模式的特征，以及这些模式与代谢风险因素、感知健康和感知症状的关联。
纳入了 2014-2018 年参加职业健康服务筛查的 64970 名参与者（42%为女性，年龄 18-75 岁）。运动和坐姿为自我报告。心肺适能使用亚最大循环测试进行估计。潜在剖面分析用于识别模式。通过体格检查评估 BMI 和血压。自我报告背部/颈部疼痛、整体压力、总体健康和睡眠问题。
基于运动、休闲时间和工作时的坐姿以及心肺适能，确定并标记了 6 种模式；模式 1“不活跃，低适能，休闲时平均坐姿，工作时坐姿较少”；模式 2“不活跃，低适能，久坐”；模式 3“活跃，平均适能，工作时坐姿较少”；模式 4“活跃，平均适能，休闲时久坐，工作时久坐”（最常见的模式，占总人口的 35%）；模式 5“活跃，适能高，工作时久坐”；模式 6“活跃，适能高，工作时坐姿较少”。发现一些模式之间存在一些相似之处（1 和 2，3 和 4，5 和 6），主要基于相似的运动、休闲时间坐姿和健康水平，这转化为与结果的相似剂量反应关联。一般来说，模式 1 和 2 表现出最不利的代谢和感知健康，模式 4 比模式 3 具有更有益的健康，模式 6 比模式 5 也是如此。
本研究结果表明，在研究自然发生的模式时，运动、坐姿和健康存在很大差异，并强调了在促进健康的干预和策略中针对运动、坐姿时间和/或健康的可能性。
