Department of Chemical Engineering, BarcelonaTECH-UPC, Barcelona, Spain; Departament of Chemistry and Exact Sciences, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Ecuador.
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Section of Plant Physiology, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jul 20;727:138646. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138646. Epub 2020 Apr 18.
The usefulness of a nutrient-enriched zeolite (NEZ) obtained from simultaneous ammonium (NH) and phosphate (PO) recovery from urban wastewaters was evaluated as soil amendment through the early growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). The NEZ systems were applied to sandy (acid) and clayey (basic) soils from Mediterranean agricultural areas (Spain). Some plant growth indicators were measured: evapotranspiration, plant moisture content, plant biomass, root/shoot ratio, nitrogen and phosphorous uptake and the C/N ratio. The experimental data exhibited differences in the growth indicators for un-amended and amended soils. The addition of the NEZ system increase the plant water content of sunflowers grown on clay soils. The plant biomass of sunflower was improved by the incorporation of NEZ system in all treatments for the two soils studied. A reduction of the root/shoot ratio for the treatments of clay soil by application of NEZ systems were observed. The content of ammonium and phosphorous in tissues increased considerably with the addition of amendment material. Besides, the ammonium, nitrate and inorganic phosphorous in the post-test soils revealed that nutrients were still available for a second growth cycle. As demonstrated in previous work, the NEZ system releases nutrients continuously controlled by soil pH and mineral composition as well as the irrigation conditions provided. Therefore, this approach of amendment materials for soil seems to be a promising alternative for agricultural practice, where the dose selection must be balanced according to the plant's nutrient needs and soil properties by adjusting the growth conditions.
从城市废水中同时回收铵（NH）和磷酸盐（PO）得到的富营养沸石（NEZ）作为土壤改良剂通过向日葵（Helianthus annuus）的早期生长进行了评估。NEZ 系统应用于来自地中海农业区（西班牙）的沙质（酸性）和粘质（碱性）土壤。测量了一些植物生长指标：蒸散量、植物水分含量、植物生物量、根/茎比、氮和磷的吸收以及 C/N 比。实验数据显示，未改良和改良土壤的生长指标存在差异。在粘质土壤中种植向日葵时，添加 NEZ 系统会增加植物水分含量。在所有处理中，在两种研究土壤中添加 NEZ 系统都改善了向日葵的植物生物量。通过应用 NEZ 系统，观察到粘土土壤处理的根/茎比降低。随着添加改良材料，组织中的铵和磷含量大大增加。此外，后测试土壤中的铵、硝酸盐和无机磷表明，养分仍然可用于第二个生长周期。正如之前的工作所证明的那样，NEZ 系统通过土壤 pH 值和矿物组成以及提供的灌溉条件持续释放受控制的养分。因此，这种土壤改良材料的方法似乎是农业实践的一种有前途的替代方法，其中必须根据植物的养分需求和土壤特性通过调整生长条件来平衡剂量选择。
