Pokluda Robert, Ragasová Lucia Nedorost, Jurica Miloš, Kalisz Andrzej, Komorowska Monika, Niemiec Marcin, Caruso Gianluca, Gąstoł Maciej, Sekara Agnieszka
Department of Vegetable Sciences and Floriculture, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University, Brno, Czechia.
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jul 12;14:1222557. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1222557. eCollection 2023.
Smart management in crop cultivation is increasingly supported by application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM), which sustain soil fertility and plant performance. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the effects of consortia composed of ( BEG96, BEG92, BEG199, BEG 95, and BEG140) and PGPM ( - AZ, or sp. - S) on onion cultivated in growing media with a composition corresponding to a degraded soil.
Three types of substrate formulations were used, with peat:sand ratios of 50:50, 70:30, 100:0 (v:v). The analysis of substrate parameters crucial for its fertility (pH, salinity, sorption complex capacity, and elements' content) and characteristics reflecting onion seedlings' performance (fresh weight, stress biomarkers, and elements' content) was performed.
AMF colonized onion roots in all treatments, showing increasing potential to form intercellular structures in the substrates rich in organic matter. Additionally, co-inoculation with PGPM microorganisms accelerated arbuscular mycorrhiza establishment. Increased antioxidant activity and glutathione peroxidase (GPOX) activity of onion roots sampled from the formulations composed of peat and sand in the ratio of 100:0, inoculated with AMF+S, and positive correlation between GPOX, fresh weight and antioxidant activity of onion roots reflected the successful induction of plant acclimatization response. Total phenols content was the highest in roots and leaves of onion grown in substrates with 70:30 peat:sand ratio, and, in the case of roots, it was correlated with AMF colonization parameters but not with antioxidant activity.
AMF and PGPM efficiency in supporting onion growth should be linked to the increased onion root system capacity in mineral salts absorption, resulting in more efficient aboveground biomass production. AMF and PGPM consortia were effective in releasing minerals to soluble fraction in substrates rich in organic matter, making elements available for uptake by onion root system, though this phenomenon depended on the PGPM species. Microorganism consortia enhanced onion seedlings' performance also in substrates with lower content of organic carbon through plant biofertilization and phytostimulation.
丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）和促进植物生长的微生物（PGPM）的应用越来越多地支持作物种植中的智能管理，它们能维持土壤肥力和植物性能。本研究的目的是评估由（BEG96、BEG92、BEG199、BEG95和BEG140）组成的联合体以及PGPM（-AZ或sp.-S）对在与退化土壤成分相对应的生长介质中种植的洋葱的影响。
使用了三种类型的基质配方，泥炭与沙子的比例分别为50:50、70:30、100:0（体积比）。对基质肥力至关重要的参数（pH值、盐度、吸附复合体容量和元素含量）以及反映洋葱幼苗性能的特征（鲜重、应激生物标志物和元素含量）进行了分析。
在所有处理中，AMF都定殖在洋葱根上，在富含有机质的基质中形成细胞间结构的潜力增加。此外，与PGPM微生物共同接种加速了丛枝菌根的建立。从泥炭与沙子比例为100:0的配方中取样的洋葱根，接种AMF+S后，抗氧化活性和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPOX）活性增加，且洋葱根的GPOX、鲜重和抗氧化活性之间呈正相关，这反映了植物驯化反应的成功诱导。在泥炭与沙子比例为70:30的基质中生长的洋葱根和叶中总酚含量最高，就根而言，它与AMF定殖参数相关，但与抗氧化活性无关。
AMF和PGPM在支持洋葱生长方面的效率应与洋葱根系吸收矿质盐的能力增强有关，从而导致地上生物量生产更高效。AMF和PGPM联合体在富含有机质的基质中有效地将矿物质释放到可溶部分，使元素可供洋葱根系吸收，不过这种现象取决于PGPM的种类。微生物联合体还通过植物生物施肥和植物刺激，在有机碳含量较低的基质中提高了洋葱幼苗的性能。
