Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA, 5042, Australia.
School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2020 Jun;18(3):301-311. doi: 10.1007/s11914-020-00592-5.
We review the literature on hip fracture mechanics and models of hip strain during exercise to postulate the exercise regimen for best promoting hip strength.
The superior neck is a common location for hip fracture and a relevant exercise target for osteoporosis. Current modelling studies showed that fast walking and stair ambulation, but not necessarily running, optimally load the femoral neck and therefore theoretically would mitigate the natural age-related bone decline, being easily integrated into routine daily activity. High intensity jumps and hopping have been shown to promote anabolic response by inducing high strain in the superior anterior neck. Multidirectional exercises may cause beneficial non-habitual strain patterns across the entire femoral neck. Resistance knee flexion and hip extension exercises can induce high strain in the superior neck when performed using maximal resistance loadings in the average population. Exercise can stimulate an anabolic response of the femoral neck either by causing higher than normal bone strain over the entire hip region or by causing bending of the neck and localized strain in the superior cortex. Digital technologies have enabled studying interdependences between anatomy, bone distribution, exercise, strain and metabolism and may soon enable personalized prescription of exercise for optimal hip strength.
我们回顾了关于髋关节骨折力学和运动时髋关节应变模型的文献，旨在推测最佳的运动方案以促进髋关节力量。
股骨颈是髋关节骨折的常见部位，也是骨质疏松症的相关运动目标。目前的模型研究表明，快走和楼梯活动，而不仅仅是跑步，能最佳地加载股骨颈，因此从理论上讲可以减轻自然的与年龄相关的骨量下降，而且很容易融入日常活动。高强度跳跃和跳跃已被证明通过在前上颈诱导高应变来促进合成代谢反应。多方向运动可能会在整个股骨颈上引起有益的非习惯性应变模式。在普通人群中使用最大阻力负荷进行阻力膝关节弯曲和髋关节伸展运动可以在上颈引起高应变。运动可以通过在整个髋关节区域引起高于正常的骨应变或通过使颈部弯曲和在上皮质局部应变来刺激股骨颈的合成代谢反应。数字技术使研究解剖结构、骨分布、运动、应变和代谢之间的相互依存关系成为可能，并且可能很快就能实现个性化的运动处方，以获得最佳的髋关节力量。
