Keck Frédéric
Laboratoire d'anthropologie sociale 52 rue Cardinal Lemoine 75005 Paris France.
J R Anthropol Inst. 2018 Jun;24(2):330-347. doi: 10.1111/1467-9655.12813. Epub 2018 Apr 14.
This article describes relations between humans, animals, artefacts, and pathogens in simulations of disasters, taking bird diseases in three Chinese sentinel posts as ethnographic cases. Drawing on distinctions between simulation, ritual, and play, it shows that the engagement of actors in the imaginary of simulations, which they describe as 'realism', reflectively reverses the oppositions between humans and nonhumans, active and passive, fiction and reality that shape ordinary life. Borrowing from the anthropology of hunting societies, it argues that simulations of bird diseases, considered as signs of future species extinction, rely on cynegetic techniques of power, in which humans and animals symmetrically shift perspectives, and not only on pastoralist techniques, in which humans are above the population they monitor and sometimes sacrifice.
本文以中国三个哨点的禽类疾病为民族志案例，描述了灾害模拟中人类、动物、人工制品和病原体之间的关系。借助模拟、仪式和游戏之间的区别，研究表明，参与者在模拟想象中的投入（他们将其描述为“现实主义”），反思性地颠覆了塑造日常生活的人类与非人类、主动与被动、虚构与现实之间的对立。借鉴狩猎社会的人类学研究，本文认为，被视为未来物种灭绝迹象的禽类疾病模拟，不仅依赖于牧民式的技术（即人类高于他们所监测且有时会牺牲的种群），还依赖于权力的狩猎技术，在这种技术中，人类和动物对称地转换视角。
