Department of Nutrition in Public Health, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Pediatrics, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2021 Feb;34(1):3-12. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12762. Epub 2020 Apr 26.
The first 2 years of life represent a critical phase for growth and development, with the quality of the diet at this stage having repercussions throughout adulthood. The present study aimed to develop an Index for Measuring the Quality of Complementary Feeding (IMQCF) for infants, as well as to evaluate diet quality and its effects on the nutritional status of preterm infants.
This cross-sectional study was conducted at a Brazilian University Hospital. The data were extracted by care protocol of outpatient preterm infants at 2 years of corrected age (CA). Dietary data were collected from 24-h recalls. The diet quality was assessed by the IMQCF composed of nine items based on a Brazilian Food Guide for children aged <2 years. Response options were scored 0-100, with scores closer to 100 representing a better quality diet. Association with growth indicators (Z-scores for weight- and length-for-age (WAZ and LAZ) were evaluated via tests of mean difference and multiple linear regression.
The median complementary feeding (CF) score was 72.2 (61.1-77.8) A shorter breastfeeding duration or infant formula use and the early introduction of wheat-based foods, ultra-processed foods and cow's milk in the preterm's diet were the main factors interfering in the adequacy of diet. There was an association between the quality of the diet score and WAZ (0.44; 95% confidence interval = 0.03-0.85; P = 0.03).
The introduction of poor quality food in the first 2 years of life interfered with the CF quality of preterm infants and can affect nutritional status at 2 years of CA, possibly in the long term.
生命的头 2 年是生长和发育的关键阶段，这一阶段的饮食质量会对成年后的健康产生影响。本研究旨在为婴儿开发一种测量补充喂养质量的指数（IMQCF），并评估饮食质量及其对早产儿营养状况的影响。
这是一项在巴西大学医院进行的横断面研究。通过门诊早产儿 2 年纠正年龄（CA）的护理方案提取数据。通过 24 小时回忆收集饮食数据。饮食质量由由基于巴西 2 岁以下儿童食品指南的九个项目组成的 IMQCF 进行评估。回答选项的评分范围为 0-100，分数越接近 100 表示饮食质量越好。通过均值差异检验和多元线性回归评估与生长指标（体重和年龄的 Z 分数（WAZ 和 LAZ）的相关性。
中位数补充喂养（CF）得分为 72.2（61.1-77.8）。母乳喂养时间较短或婴儿配方奶粉使用时间较短，以及在早产儿饮食中早期引入小麦基食品、超加工食品和牛奶，是影响饮食充足性的主要因素。饮食质量评分与 WAZ 之间存在相关性（0.44；95%置信区间为 0.03-0.85；P=0.03）。
在生命的头 2 年引入低质量的食物会干扰早产儿的 CF 质量，并可能影响 2 年 CA 时的营养状况，可能会长期影响。
