Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Pediatra, Divisão de Gastroenterologia Pediátrica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Pediatra, Divisão de Gastroenterologia Pediátrica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Curso de Nutrição, Departamento de Saúde, Educação e Sociedade, Santos, SP, Brazil.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2022 May-Jun;98(3):256-263. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2021.06.005. Epub 2021 Jul 22.
To evaluate the complementary feeding practices, food intake, and nutritional status of infants on a cow's milk protein elimination diet.
A cross-sectional and observational study was conducted to compare infants aged 4-18 months who were on a cow's milk protein elimination diet with a control group of healthy infants without any dietary restrictions. General information on the child's health, demographic data, and food consumption were collected.
The study included 96 infants in the elimination diet group and 99 in the control group. In the elimination diet group, the median age (in months) of introduction of solid foods (5.0 × 4.0; p < 0.001) and water (5.5 × 4.0; p < 0.05) was later, consumption of soft drinks and industrialized cookies was less frequent (p < 0.05), and a lower index of complementary feeding inadequacies (2.75 × 3.50; p < 0.001) was observed. The elimination diet group presented lower individual values of Z scores for weight/age, weight/height, and body mass index/age, although they were fed with higher amounts of energy (117.4 × 81.3 kcal/kg of weight; p < 0.001) and macro-and micronutrients, except for vitamin A. In the elimination diet group, breast milk and its substitutes contributed to more than 67% of energy intake. Although calcium consumption was a deficit in 31.5% of the infants, none received supplementation.
Infants on an elimination diet presented more adequate complementary feeding practices and higher nutritional intake, despite lower body weight values.
评估牛奶蛋白过敏婴儿的辅食添加、食物摄入和营养状况。
采用横断面观察性研究，比较 4-18 月龄婴儿的牛奶蛋白排除饮食和无饮食限制的健康婴儿对照组。收集儿童健康的一般信息、人口统计学数据和食物消耗情况。
研究纳入 96 名排除饮食组婴儿和 99 名对照组婴儿。在排除饮食组中，固体食物（5.0×4.0；p＜0.001）和水（5.5×4.0；p＜0.05）的引入时间较晚，软饮料和工业化饼干的消费频率较低（p＜0.05），辅食添加不足指数（2.75×3.50；p＜0.001）较低。排除饮食组婴儿的体重/年龄、体重/身高和体重指数/年龄的个体值较低，但接受了更高的能量（117.4×81.3 kcal/kg 体重；p＜0.001）和宏量及微量营养素摄入，除维生素 A 外。在排除饮食组中，母乳及其替代品提供了超过 67%的能量摄入。尽管 31.5%的婴儿钙摄入量不足，但没有接受补充。
尽管体重值较低，但接受排除饮食的婴儿的辅食添加实践更充分，营养摄入更高。
