Graduate Progam in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
Matern Child Nutr. 2022 Oct;18(4):e13413. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13413. Epub 2022 Aug 15.
Infant feeding practices impact children's nutritional and health status, influencing growth and development. This study aimed to analyse the evolution of infant feeding practices from 9 to 24 months of age, considering infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators and food processing. The infant feeding practices in children from the Brazilian site of the MAL-ED study were evaluated at 9 (n = 193), 15 (n = 182) and 24 months (n = 164) using 24-h dietary recalls. IYCF indicators were evaluated, and the extent of food processing was evaluated, using the NOVA classification. Breastfeeding declined significantly over time, from 77.6% at 9 months to 45.1% at 24 months. Although dietary diversity did not significantly change during the study period (80.5% at 24 months), the minimum acceptable diet significantly increased from 67.9% to 76.1% at 24 months (p < 0.0005). All the studied children consumed sweetened beverages from 9 months. Unhealthy food consumption and zero vegetable or fruit consumption significantly increased over time (p < 0.0005). Unprocessed food consumption decreased from 9 to 24 months of age (p < 0.0005), while ultra-processed food consumption increased (p < 0.0005) during the study period. Logistic regressions showed that, at 9 months, breastfed children presented a lower risk for ultra-processed food consumption (odds ratio [OR] = 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13-0.77); and children reaching the minimum acceptable diet presented more risk for ultra-processed food consumption (OR = 2.31; 95% CI = 1.01-5.27). In conclusion, data showed a reduction in the quality of infant feeding practices over the first 2 years of life, with a decrease in breastfeeding and an increase in the consumption of unhealthy and ultra-processed foods.
婴儿喂养方式会影响儿童的营养和健康状况，从而影响其生长发育。本研究旨在分析婴儿从 9 至 24 个月龄的喂养方式变化，同时考虑婴幼儿喂养（IYCF）指标和食物加工。通过 24 小时膳食回忆法评估巴西马拉喀什健康与营养发展研究（MAL-ED 研究）中婴儿在 9 月龄（n=193）、15 月龄（n=182）和 24 月龄（n=164）的喂养方式。通过 NOVA 分类法评估 IYCF 指标和食物加工程度。母乳喂养率随时间显著下降，从 9 月龄的 77.6%下降至 24 月龄的 45.1%。尽管研究期间膳食多样性无明显变化（24 月龄时为 80.5%），但最低可接受饮食显著从 67.9%增加至 76.1%（p<0.0005）。所有研究儿童从 9 月龄开始摄入含糖饮料。不健康食物和零蔬菜或水果摄入随时间显著增加（p<0.0005）。未加工食品的消费从 9 月龄到 24 月龄下降（p<0.0005），而超加工食品的消费在研究期间增加（p<0.0005）。逻辑回归显示，9 月龄时，母乳喂养的儿童摄入超加工食品的风险较低（比值比 [OR] = 0.31；95%置信区间 [CI] = 0.13-0.77）；达到最低可接受饮食的儿童摄入超加工食品的风险更高（OR = 2.31；95% CI = 1.01-5.27）。综上所述，数据显示婴儿喂养方式的质量在生命的头 2 年下降，母乳喂养减少，不健康和超加工食品的消费增加。
