Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2020 Jun;39:77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.03.007. Epub 2020 Apr 4.
Genetic control of insects involves the release of modified insects that contain altered genetic traits and are competent to mate with target populations to introduce the traits therein. Since it relies on mating, this type of control is species-specific, non-toxic, and has the advantage that the released insects can do the difficult task of reaching remote and otherwise inaccessible insect niches. Gene drives are capable of drastically biasing their own transmission and are being developed as a new type of genetic control, one that would be self-sustaining, requiring low numbers in the initial release in order to spread and persist within a population. In this review, the advantages and challenges of building and deploying this technology will be discussed, using mosquito control as an example.
昆虫的遗传控制涉及释放经过修饰的昆虫，这些昆虫含有改变的遗传特征，并能够与目标种群交配，以引入其中的特征。由于它依赖于交配，这种控制方式是特定于物种的，无毒，并且具有释放的昆虫能够完成到达偏远和其他难以到达的昆虫栖息地的艰巨任务的优势。基因驱动能够极大地偏向于自身的传播，并且正在被开发成为一种新型的遗传控制，这种控制将是自我维持的，在初始释放中只需要少量的数量，就可以在种群中传播和持续存在。在这篇综述中，将以蚊子控制为例，讨论构建和部署这项技术的优势和挑战。
