Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06296, USA.
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2020 Jun;39:84-90. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.03.003. Epub 2020 Mar 20.
Drosophila melanogaster harbors a simple gut microbial community, or microbiome, that regulates several facets of its physiology. As a result, the host employs multiple mechanisms of maintaining control over its microbiome in an effort to promote overall organismal homeostasis. Perturbations to the balance between microbiome and host can result in states of instability or disease, making maintenance of microbial homeostasis a fundamental physiologic aspect of D. melanogaster biology. While the interactions between microbes and their hosts can be direct, particularly in the context of immunity and gut renewal, effects resulting from indirect interactions, such as those between microbiota members, can be equally as important. This review highlights the major ways, in which D. melanogaster regulates microbial homeostasis, the consequences of disruptions to homeostasis, and the different mechanisms, by which the microbiome interacts with its host.
黑腹果蝇拥有一个简单的肠道微生物群落，即微生物组，它调节着果蝇生理机能的多个方面。因此，宿主采用多种机制来控制其微生物组，以促进整体生物体内稳态。微生物组和宿主之间平衡的破坏会导致不稳定或疾病状态，使微生物体内稳态的维持成为果蝇生物学的一个基本生理方面。虽然微生物与其宿主之间的相互作用可以是直接的，特别是在免疫和肠道更新的背景下，但间接相互作用（例如微生物群落成员之间的相互作用）的影响同样重要。这篇综述强调了黑腹果蝇调节微生物体内稳态的主要方式、体内稳态失调的后果，以及微生物组与其宿主相互作用的不同机制。
