Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Blood Rev. 2021 Jan;45:100694. doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100694. Epub 2020 Apr 21.
Platelets are central to inflammation-related manifestations of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as atherosclerosis. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), thrombin, thromboxane A (TxA), and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) are some of the key agonists of platelet activation that are at the intersection between a plethora of inflammatory pathways that modulate pro-inflammatory and coagulation processes. The aim of this article is to review the role of platelets and the relationship between their structure, function, and the interactions of their constituents in systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Antiplatelet therapies are discussed with a view to primary prevention of CVD by the clinical reduction of platelet reactivity and inflammation. Current antiplatelet therapies are effective in reducing cardiovascular risk but increase bleeding risk. Novel therapeutic antiplatelet approaches beyond current pharmacological modalities that do not increase the risk of bleeding require further investigation. There is potential for specifically designed nutraceuticals that may become safer alternatives to pharmacological antiplatelet agents for the primary prevention of CVD but there is serious concern over their efficacy and regulation, which requires considerably more research.
血小板在与心血管疾病（CVD）相关的炎症表现中起着核心作用，如动脉粥样硬化。血小板激活因子（PAF）、凝血酶、血栓烷 A（TxA）和二磷酸腺苷（ADP）是一些关键的血小板激活激动剂，它们位于调节促炎和凝血过程的众多炎症途径的交汇处。本文旨在综述血小板的作用以及其结构、功能及其成分之间的相互作用与系统性炎症和动脉粥样硬化之间的关系。本文还讨论了抗血小板治疗，以期通过临床降低血小板反应性和炎症来预防 CVD。目前的抗血小板治疗在降低心血管风险方面是有效的，但会增加出血风险。需要进一步研究新的、超越当前药理学模式的、不会增加出血风险的治疗性抗血小板方法。专门设计的营养保健品具有潜在的可能性，可能成为比药理学抗血小板药物更安全的 CVD 一级预防替代药物，但人们严重关注它们的疗效和监管问题，这需要更多的研究。
