Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, rue Bommel, Z.A.E. Robert Steichen, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg.
The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffordshire, UK.
Cells. 2020 Apr 24;9(4):1066. doi: 10.3390/cells9041066.
Silicon is a non-essential element for plants and is available in biota as silicic acid. Its presence has been associated with a general improvement of plant vigour and response to exogenous stresses. Plants accumulate silicon in their tissues as amorphous silica and cell walls are preferential sites. While several papers have been published on the mitigatory effects that silicon has on plants under stress, there has been less research on imaging silicon in plant tissues. Imaging offers important complementary results to molecular data, since it provides spatial information. Herein, the focus is on histochemistry coupled to optical microscopy, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy of microwave acid extracted plant silica, techniques based on particle-induced X-ray emission, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and mass spectrometry imaging (NanoSIMS). Sample preparation procedures will not be discussed in detail, as several reviews have already treated this subject extensively. We focus instead on the information that each technique provides by offering, for each imaging approach, examples from both silicifiers (giant horsetail and rice) and non-accumulators ( L.).
硅是植物的非必需元素，以硅酸的形式存在于生物群中。它的存在与植物活力的普遍提高和对外源胁迫的响应有关。植物将硅作为无定形二氧化硅积累在组织中，细胞壁是优先的部位。虽然已经有几篇关于硅在胁迫下对植物的缓解作用的论文发表，但对植物组织中硅的成像研究却较少。成像为分子数据提供了重要的补充结果，因为它提供了空间信息。本文重点介绍了与光学显微镜、荧光和微波酸提取植物硅的扫描电子显微镜相结合的组织化学，这些技术基于粒子激发 X 射线发射、X 射线荧光光谱法和质谱成像（NanoSIMS）。由于已经有几篇综述详细讨论了这个主题，因此本文不会详细讨论样品制备程序。相反，我们专注于每种技术提供的信息，通过为每种成像方法提供硅质体（巨型木贼和水稻）和非积累体（L.）的例子来提供信息。
