WiLAB, CNIT, DEI, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
WiLAB, CNIT, DEI, University of Bologna-Cesena Campus, Viale dell'Università 50, 47522 Cesena, Italy.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Apr 25;20(9):2437. doi: 10.3390/s20092437.
This paper introduces a possible architecture and discusses the research directions for the realization of the Cognitive Perceptual Internet (CPI), which is enabled by the convergence of wired and wireless communications, traditional sensor networks, mobile crowd-sensing, and machine learning techniques. The CPI concept stems from the fact that mobile devices, such as smartphones and wearables, are becoming an outstanding mean for zero-effort world-sensing and digitalization thanks to their pervasive diffusion and the increasing number of embedded sensors. Data collected by such devices provide unprecedented insights into the physical world that can be inferred through cognitive processes, thus originating a digital sixth sense. In this paper, we describe how the Internet can behave like a sensing brain, thus evolving into the Internet of Senses, with network-based cognitive perception and action capabilities built upon mobile crowd-sensing mechanisms. The new concept of hyper-map is envisioned as an efficient geo-referenced repository of knowledge about the physical world. Such knowledge is acquired and augmented through heterogeneous sensors, multi-user cooperation and distributed learning mechanisms. Furthermore, we indicate the possibility to accommodate proactive sensors, in addition to common reactive sensors such as cameras, antennas, thermometers and inertial measurement units, by exploiting massive antenna arrays at millimeter-waves to enhance mobile terminals perception capabilities as well as the range of new applications. Finally, we distillate some insights about the challenges arising in the realization of the CPI, corroborated by preliminary results, and we depict a futuristic scenario where the proposed Internet of Senses becomes true.
本文介绍了一种可能的架构，并讨论了实现认知感知互联网（CPI）的研究方向，该互联网由有线和无线通信、传统传感器网络、移动众包感知和机器学习技术的融合所驱动。CPI 的概念源于这样一个事实，即智能手机和可穿戴设备等移动设备由于其广泛的普及和越来越多的嵌入式传感器，正在成为零努力的世界感知和数字化的杰出手段。这些设备收集的数据提供了对物理世界的前所未有的洞察，可以通过认知过程推断出来，从而产生了数字第六感。在本文中，我们描述了互联网如何能够像感知大脑一样运作，从而演变成具有基于网络的认知感知和行动能力的感知互联网，其建立在移动众包感知机制之上。超图的新概念被设想为物理世界知识的高效地理参考知识库。这些知识是通过异构传感器、多用户合作和分布式学习机制来获取和增强的。此外，我们还表明，通过利用毫米波中的大规模天线阵列来增强移动终端的感知能力以及新应用的范围，除了常见的反应式传感器（如摄像头、天线、温度计和惯性测量单元）之外，还可以容纳主动式传感器。最后，我们总结了一些关于实现 CPI 所面临的挑战的见解，并辅以初步结果，我们描绘了一个未来的场景，其中提出的感知互联网成为现实。
