Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Marcílio Dias Naval Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Graduate Program of Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Am J Otolaryngol. 2020 Jul-Aug;41(4):102508. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102508. Epub 2020 Apr 22.
Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in December 2019, it has spread to various regions and countries, forming a global pandemic. Reducing nosocomial infection is a new issue and challenge for all healthcare systems. Otolaryngology is a high-risk specialty as it close contact with upper respiratory tract mucous, secretions, droplets and aerosols during procedures and surgery. Therefore, infection prevention and control measures for this specialty are essential. Literatures on the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and infection control measures of COVID-19 were reviewed, practical knowledge from first-line otolaryngologists in China, the United States, and Brazil were reviewed and collated. It was recommended that otolaryngology professionals should improve screening in suspected patients with relevant nasal and pharyngeal symptoms and signs, suspend non-emergency consultations and examinations in clinics, and rearrange the working procedures in operating rooms. The guidelines of personal protective equipment for swab sampling, endoscopy and surgery were listed. Indications for tracheotomy during the pandemic should be carefully considered to avoid unnecessary airway opening and aerosol-generation; precautions during surgery to reduce the risk of exposure and infection were illustrated. This review aimed to provide recommendations for otolaryngologists to enhance personal protection against COVID-19 and reduce the risk of nosocomial infection.
自 2019 年 12 月新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）爆发以来，它已蔓延到各个地区和国家，形成了全球大流行。减少医院感染是所有医疗保健系统的一个新问题和挑战。耳鼻喉科是一个高风险的专业，因为在手术和手术过程中与上呼吸道粘液、分泌物、飞沫和气溶胶密切接触。因此，必须采取感染预防和控制措施。对 COVID-19 的流行病学、临床特征和感染控制措施的文献进行了回顾，对来自中国、美国和巴西的一线耳鼻喉科医生的实践知识进行了回顾和整理。建议耳鼻喉科专业人员应提高对有相关鼻咽喉症状和体征的疑似患者的筛查，暂停门诊非紧急咨询和检查，并重新安排手术室的工作流程。列出了拭子采样、内窥镜和手术用个人防护设备的指南。应仔细考虑在大流行期间进行气管切开术的适应证，以避免不必要的气道开放和气溶胶生成；说明了手术过程中的预防措施，以降低暴露和感染的风险。本综述旨在为耳鼻喉科医生提供建议，以加强个人对 COVID-19 的防护，降低医院感染的风险。
