Niu Jing, Xu Long, Qian Yun, Sun Zhuo, Yu Dongbao, Huang Jiandong, Zhou Xiaolin, Wang Yizhong, Zhang Ting, Ren Rongrong, Li Zhengpeng, Yu Jialin, Gao Xuefeng
Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, China.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Apr 3;11:439. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00439. eCollection 2020.
Temporal development of the human gut microbiome from infancy to childhood is driven by a variety of factors. We surveyed the fecal microbiome of 729 Chinese children aged 0-36 months, aiming to identify the age-specific patterns of microbiota succession, and evaluate the impact of birth mode, gender, geographical location, and gastrointestinal tract symptoms on the shaping of the gut microbiome. We demonstrated that phylogenetic diversity of the gut microbiome increased gradually over time, which was accompanied by an increase in and a reduction in species. Analysis of community-wide phenotypes revealed a succession from aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria to facultative anaerobes, and from Gram-negative to Gram-positive species during gut microbiota development in early childhood. The metabolic functions of the gut microbiome shifted tremendously alongside early physiological development, including an increase in alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, and a reduction in glutathione, fatty acid, and tyrosine metabolism. During the first year of life, the phylum was less abundant in children born by casarean section compared with those delivered vaginally. The family, a group of facultative anaerobic microorganisms with pathogenic potential, was predominant in preterm infants. No measurable effect of maternal antibiotic exposure on gut microbiota development was found in the first 3 years of life. The relative abundances of and families, and genus were found to be higher in girls than in boys. Among the three first-tier Chinese cities, children born and fed in Beijing had a higher abundance of and families, and Shenzhen children had a higher abundance of . The families , , and were more abundant in children with constipation, whereas the relative abundance of the genus was higher in those with diarrhea.
从婴儿期到儿童期，人类肠道微生物群的发育受多种因素驱动。我们调查了729名0至36个月大中国儿童的粪便微生物群，旨在确定微生物群演替的年龄特异性模式，并评估出生方式、性别、地理位置和胃肠道症状对肠道微生物群形成的影响。我们发现，肠道微生物群的系统发育多样性随时间逐渐增加，同时 物种增加， 物种减少。对全群落表型的分析表明，在幼儿肠道微生物群发育过程中，从需氧菌和厌氧菌演变为兼性厌氧菌，从革兰氏阴性菌演变为革兰氏阳性菌。肠道微生物群的代谢功能随着早期生理发育发生了巨大变化，包括丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢增加，谷胱甘肽、脂肪酸和酪氨酸代谢减少。在生命的第一年，剖腹产出生的儿童中 门的丰度低于阴道分娩的儿童。 科是一组具有致病潜力的兼性厌氧微生物，在早产儿中占主导地位。在生命的前3年，未发现母亲接触抗生素对肠道微生物群发育有可测量的影响。发现 科和 科以及 属在女孩中的相对丰度高于男孩。在中国的三个一线城市中，在北京出生并喂养的儿童中 科和 科的丰度较高，深圳儿童中 的丰度较高。 科、 科和 科在便秘儿童中更为丰富，而 属在腹泻儿童中的相对丰度较高。
