Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
J Med Virol. 2020 Oct;92(10):1812-1817. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25954. Epub 2020 Jul 28.
As the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has evolved in each country, the approach to the laboratory assessment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has had to evolve as well. This review addresses the evolving approach to the laboratory assessment of COVID-19 and discusses how algorithms for testing have been driven, in part, by the demand for testing overwhelming the capacity to accomplish such testing. This review focused on testing in the USA, as this testing is evolving, whereas in China and other countries such as South Korea testing is widely available and includes both molecular testing for SARS-CoV-2 as well as serological testing using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methodology and lateral flow immunoassay methodology. Although commercial testing systems are becoming available, there will likely be insufficient numbers of such tests due to high demand. Serological testing will be the next testing issue as the COVID-19 begins to subside. This will allow immunity testing as well as will allow the parameters of the COVID-19 outbreak to be defined.
随着 2019 年新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）在各国的发展，对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）感染的实验室评估方法也必须随之发展。这篇综述讨论了 COVID-19 实验室评估方法的演变，并讨论了测试算法是如何受到测试需求超过测试能力的推动的。本综述重点关注美国的检测情况，因为美国的检测情况正在不断变化，而在中国和韩国等其他国家，检测已经广泛应用，包括针对 SARS-CoV-2 的分子检测以及使用酶联免疫吸附测定法和侧向流动免疫测定法的血清学检测。尽管商业检测系统正在不断推出，但由于需求巨大，此类检测的数量可能仍然不足。随着 COVID-19 的开始消退，血清学检测将成为下一个检测问题。这将允许进行免疫测试，并能够定义 COVID-19 爆发的参数。
