Medical University of Lodz, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences Lodz, Poland.
J Physiol Pharmacol. 2020 Feb;71(1). doi: 10.26402/jpp.2020.1.05. Epub 2020 Apr 27.
Macrophages play important roles in acute and chronic inflammation. Upon their activation, they secrete a variety of mediators, including eicosanoids, nitric oxide and cytokines, which play different roles in the stimulation and resolution of inflammatory processes. There is a continuous search for selective modulators of these processes. Natural polyphenols and polyphenol-rich extracts have been found to possess preventive and therapeutic potential, including by their anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the inhibition of the formation of inflammatory mediators by the spent hops extract (SHE), a polyphenol-rich extract from Humulus Lupulus L., was examined using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- activated murine macrophages (RAW 264.7). The SHE suppressed inter alia the interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression to 32% in LPS-activated macrophages and to 61% at a protein level (at 25 μg/mL). SHE reduced both the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression to 47% and their protein expression to 32%. Not only did SHE inhibit the IL-6 and COX-2 levels but also decreased both inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression to 2% at 25 μg/mL and nitric oxide (NO) production for all tested concentrations. The inhibited expression of these inflammatory molecules was likely caused by the reduced activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Both mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB was decreased to 38% and 42%, respectively. These results provide the first evidence that SHE decreases the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators, which merits further studies to investigate the potential of SHE as anti-inflammatory preparation.
巨噬细胞在急性和慢性炎症中发挥重要作用。它们在被激活后会分泌各种介质，包括类二十烷酸、一氧化氮和细胞因子，这些介质在炎症过程的刺激和消退中发挥不同的作用。人们一直在寻找这些过程的选择性调节剂。已发现天然多酚和多酚丰富的提取物具有预防和治疗潜力，包括其抗炎作用。在这项研究中，使用脂多糖 (LPS) 激活的鼠巨噬细胞 (RAW 264.7) 研究了啤酒花废浸膏 (SHE)，一种来自蛇麻草的多酚丰富提取物，对炎症介质形成的抑制作用。SHE 除了抑制 LPS 激活的巨噬细胞中的白细胞介素-6 (IL-6) mRNA 表达至 32%外，还在蛋白质水平上抑制至 61%（在 25 μg/mL 时）。SHE 将环氧化酶-2 (COX-2) mRNA 表达降低至 47%，并将其蛋白质表达降低至 32%。SHE 不仅抑制了 IL-6 和 COX-2 水平，而且还将所有测试浓度的诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS) 蛋白表达降低至 2%和一氧化氮 (NO) 产生。这些炎症分子的表达受抑制可能是由于核因子-κB (NF-κB) 的活性降低所致。NF-κB 的 mRNA 和蛋白质表达分别降低至 38%和 42%。这些结果首次提供了证据表明 SHE 降低了促炎细胞因子和炎症介质的表达，这值得进一步研究以调查 SHE 作为抗炎制剂的潜力。
