Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, College of Social Work, University of Utah.
Psychotherapy (Chic). 2020 Sep;57(3):310-322. doi: 10.1037/pst0000286. Epub 2020 Apr 30.
Mindfulness-based interventions are commonly used to reduce psychological symptoms and enhance positive qualities of human functioning. However, the influence of mindfulness practice dosage remains poorly understood, limiting dissemination and implementation efforts. The current study examined the association between practice dosage and several constructs related to psychological functioning (positive and negative affect, state mindfulness) over the course of a standardized mindfulness-based intervention (Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement). Twenty-five participants completed daily diary assessments for 12 weeks. Two-part gamma regression models examined the dichotomous (did practice occur?) and continuous (how much practice?) components of practice minutes. Practice time and outcomes showed same-day relationships in the expected directions. Lagged models, however, showed no evidence that current day practice time predicts subsequent day outcomes. In contrast, higher current day negative affect predicted less subsequent day practice time, and higher current day mindfulness predicted more subsequent day practice time. In a post hoc analysis, practice time moderated the link between day-to-day affect, strengthening the link for positive affect and weakening the link for negative affect. Collectively, these findings suggest that the causal direction linking practice time and outcome may flow from outcome to practice time, rather than the reverse-with potential recursive relationships between these factors. Further examination of lagged relationships between practice time and outcome as well as random assignment of participants to varying practice dosages (e.g., in within-person microrandomized trials) may help clarify the influence of this central treatment ingredient within mindfulness-based interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
正念干预通常被用于减轻心理症状，提升人类机能的积极品质。然而，正念练习的剂量对心理功能的影响（积极和消极的影响，正念状态）仍然知之甚少，限制了其推广和实施。本研究在一项标准化的正念干预（正念导向的康复增强）过程中，考察了练习剂量与几个与心理功能相关的结构之间的关系。25 名参与者完成了 12 周的日常日记评估。双部分伽马回归模型考察了练习分钟的二分（是否进行了练习？）和连续（练习了多少？）成分。练习时间和结果显示出与预期方向一致的当天关系。滞后模型显示，目前的练习时间并不能预测后续的练习结果。相比之下，较高的当前天负性情绪预测了随后的天练习时间减少，而较高的当前天正念则预测了更多的后续天练习时间。在事后分析中，练习时间调节了每天的情绪之间的联系，强化了正性情绪之间的联系，削弱了负性情绪之间的联系。总的来说，这些发现表明，练习时间和结果之间的因果关系可能是从结果到练习时间，而不是相反——这些因素之间可能存在潜在的递归关系。进一步考察练习时间和结果之间的滞后关系，以及将参与者随机分配到不同的练习剂量（例如，在个体内微随机试验中），可能有助于澄清正念干预中这一核心治疗因素的影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。
