Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology.
Department of Psychiatry.
Health Psychol. 2021 Sep;40(9):578-586. doi: 10.1037/hea0001105. Epub 2021 Sep 27.
Mindfulness has received attention in smoking cessation research, yet the mechanisms by which mindfulness may promote smoking cessation are not well understood. Mindfulness training may help individuals increase awareness and respond skillfully to processes that contribute to smoking, such as affective states and craving. This study used experience sampling (ES) to test how awareness was related to craving, positive and negative affect and smoking, in the moment, among smokers in treatment for smoking cessation.
Participants ( = 228) were part of a clinical trial evaluating Craving to Quit, a smartphone app for mindfulness training for smoking cessation, compared to an app delivering only ES. All participants were asked to complete 22 days of ES, with up to 6 ES surveys per day, measuring awareness, craving, positive and negative affect and smoking. Data were analyzed using multilevel linear modeling.
Both at the within and between-person level, higher awareness was associated with higher positive affect, lower craving and lower negative affect. Lower within-person craving was associated with lower smoking. Within-person awareness, positive and negative affect were not significantly associated with smoking. At the between-person level, higher awareness and higher positive affect, and lower negative affect and lower craving were associated with lower smoking.
Awareness of current experience was related to key psychological variables linked to behavior change in smoking cessation, namely positive and negative affect and craving, among smokers trying to quit. Future studies should test whether learning to increase awareness, such as through mindfulness training, may benefit smokers in treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
正念在戒烟研究中受到关注，但正念促进戒烟的机制尚不清楚。正念训练可以帮助个体提高对导致吸烟的过程的意识，并对其做出巧妙的反应，例如情感状态和渴望。本研究使用经验抽样（ES）来测试在治疗中试图戒烟的吸烟者中，意识是如何与渴望、积极和消极情绪以及吸烟即时相关的。
参与者（n=228）是评估“戒烟渴望”的临床试验的一部分，该应用程序是一款用于正念戒烟训练的智能手机应用程序，与仅提供 ES 的应用程序进行比较。所有参与者都被要求完成 22 天的 ES，每天最多完成 6 次 ES 调查，测量意识、渴望、积极和消极情绪以及吸烟情况。使用多层线性建模进行数据分析。
无论是在个体内还是个体间水平上，较高的意识与较高的积极情绪、较低的渴望和较低的消极情绪相关。较低的个体内渴望与较低的吸烟量相关。个体内的意识、积极和消极情绪与吸烟量无显著相关性。在个体间水平上，较高的意识和较高的积极情绪、较低的消极情绪和较低的渴望与较低的吸烟量相关。
对当前体验的意识与戒烟中与行为改变相关的关键心理变量（即积极和消极情绪以及渴望）有关，试图戒烟的吸烟者也是如此。未来的研究应该测试通过正念训练等方式增加意识是否对治疗中的吸烟者有益。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
