World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
International Laboratory of Demography and Human Capital, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russian Federation.
PLoS One. 2020 Apr 30;15(4):e0232014. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232014. eCollection 2020.
Despite being one of the most common measures of development, the Human Development Index [HDI] has been much criticized for its consistency, data requirements, difficulty of interpretation and trade-offs between indicators. The 'Human Life Indicator' [HLI] has been proposed as a 'simple effective means' of measuring development and, more specifically, as a viable alternative to the HDI. Reducing inequalities within countries is a core component of the Sustainable Development Goals; yet sub-national HDIs are subject to the same criticisms as national level indices (potentially more so). Our goal in this paper is to demonstrate 'proof of concept' in terms of the systematic application of the HLI to measure development at the subnational level. Using life tables for the United States of America, we calculate, for the first time, HLIs for each state for the period 1959-2016. This country was chosen for the comparatively long run of available sub-national life tables. We also calculate the extent to which mortality is distributed across the life course-a further measure of inequality and the role of the social determinants of health. The HLI clearly shows how striking regional inequalities exist across the United States. We find that HLI and HDI for the most recent time period are strongly correlated. The analysis demonstrates that HLI represents an effective means of measuring development at the sub-national level. Compared to HDI, HLIs are characterized by simpler calculation and interpretation; fewer data requirements; less measurement error; more consistency over time; and no trade-offs between components. A current challenge of producing sub-national HLIs is the lack of comprehensive civil registration and vital statistics systems in many parts of the Global South from which sub-national life tables can be generated. However, as more and more countries develop these systems the potential to produce HLIs will inevitably increase.
尽管人类发展指数（HDI）是衡量发展水平最常用的指标之一，但它的一致性、数据要求、解释难度以及指标之间的权衡一直备受争议。人类生命指数（HLI）被提议作为衡量发展的“简单有效手段”，更具体地说，作为替代人类发展指数的可行方法。减少国家内部的不平等是可持续发展目标的核心组成部分；然而，国家一级的 HLI 也存在与国家一级指数相同的批评（潜在的更多）。我们在本文中的目标是展示 HLI 在衡量国家以下各级发展方面的系统应用的“概念验证”。我们使用美国的生命表，首次计算了 1959 年至 2016 年期间每个州的 HLI。选择这个国家是因为可以获得相对较长的国家以下各级生命表。我们还计算了死亡率在整个生命过程中的分布程度——这是不平等的另一个衡量标准，以及健康的社会决定因素的作用。HLI 清楚地表明了美国各地存在着多么显著的地区不平等。我们发现，最近时期的 HLI 和 HDI 高度相关。该分析表明，HLI 是衡量国家以下各级发展水平的有效手段。与人类发展指数相比，HLI 的特点是计算和解释更简单；数据要求更少；测量误差更小；随着时间的推移更加一致；并且在组成部分之间没有权衡。目前，在许多发展中国家，由于缺乏全面的民事登记和人口统计系统，无法生成国家以下各级生命表，因此编制国家以下各级 HLI 是一个挑战。然而，随着越来越多的国家建立这些系统，制作 HLI 的潜力将不可避免地增加。
Zotero 插件
