Bjerke Øyvind, Pedersen Arve Vorland, Aune Tore K, Lorås Håvard
Department of Teacher Education, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway.
Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway.
Front Psychol. 2017 Jul 17;8:1210. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01210. eCollection 2017.
The Relative Age Effect (RAE) can be described as the advantage of being born early after a certain cut-off date within a group of selection. The effect has been found across a wide range of sports and is particularly evident in pre-elite sports and team sports with a high selection pressure. At the absolute top level in team elite sports, the advantage of being relatively older has been reported to disappear, and even reverse, so that the relatively younger athletes are advantaged. In order to further examine such a reversal of the RAE, we investigated the performance of the overall top 50 skiers each year in the alpine World Cup, over a period of 20 years, among men ( = 234) and women ( = 235). The data indicated that the relatively younger male athletes at the absolute top level had accumulated, on average, more World Cup points compared to the relatively older skiers. No such effect was observed among the female skiers. This finding suggest the existence of a reversed relative age effect in male elite alpine skiing.
相对年龄效应（RAE）可被描述为在一组选拔中，在某个截止日期之后较早出生所具有的优势。这种效应在广泛的体育项目中都有发现，在精英预备体育项目和具有高选拔压力的团队运动中尤为明显。在团队精英体育的绝对顶级水平上，据报道相对年龄较大的优势已经消失，甚至出现逆转，以至于相对年轻的运动员更具优势。为了进一步研究RAE的这种逆转情况，我们调查了20年间每年高山滑雪世界杯男子组（n = 234）和女子组（n = 235）中排名前50的滑雪运动员的总体表现。数据表明，在绝对顶级水平上，相对年轻的男性运动员平均比相对年长的滑雪运动员积累了更多的世界杯积分。在女子滑雪运动员中未观察到这种效应。这一发现表明，在男子精英高山滑雪中存在相对年龄效应的逆转。
