Presti Paulo, Johnson G David, Datovo Aléssio
Laboratório de Ictiologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Division of Fishes, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
J Morphol. 2020 Jun;281(6):662-675. doi: 10.1002/jmor.21134. Epub 2020 May 1.
The Polynemidae is a family of primarily marine fishes with eight genera and 42 extant species. Many aspects of their morphology are largely unknown, with few reports about their osteology and barely any information on their myology. This paper describes and illustrates in detail all facial and branchial muscles of representative species of polynemids. Our analysis demonstrates the existence of several remarkable and previously unknown specializations in the polynemid musculature. The aponeurotic and completely independent origin of the pars promalaris of the adductor mandibulae is apparently unique among percomorphs. The differentiation of this section into lateral and medial subsections; the total separation of the promalaris from the retromalaris; the differentiation of the pars primordialis of the levator arcus palatini into external and internal subsections are also uncommon features of polynemids that are shared by sciaenids, thus supporting the hypothesis of a closer relationship between these families.
马鲅科是一类主要生活在海洋中的鱼类，有8个属和42个现存物种。它们形态学的许多方面在很大程度上尚不为人所知，关于它们骨骼学的报道很少，关于它们肌肉学的信息几乎没有。本文详细描述并展示了马鲅科代表性物种的所有面部和鳃部肌肉。我们的分析表明，马鲅科肌肉组织中存在几个显著且以前未知的特化现象。在鲈形目鱼类中，下颌收肌颧突前部的腱膜性和完全独立起源显然是独一无二的。该部分分化为外侧和内侧亚部分；颧突与颧后突完全分离；腭提肌原基部分分化为外侧和内侧亚部分，这些也是马鲅科的不常见特征，在石首鱼科中也有，从而支持了这些科之间关系更密切的假说。
