Society for Conservation Biology Asia Section, Cha-Am, Petchburi, Thailand.
Integr Zool. 2020 Nov;15(6):603-616. doi: 10.1111/1749-4877.12451. Epub 2020 Jun 20.
Nature provides significant benefits to people, especially those living in and around protected areas. Ecosystem services from protected areas include producing wild food, supporting biodiversity and water cycles, regulating climate, and providing cultural services like better health, tourism, and legacy for future generations. In economic terms, the flows of ecosystem services provided by protected areas are worth hundreds of billions of dollars each year, well justifying the costs of managing these sites, but protected areas are suffering from environmental problems such as impacts from human population growth, rural poverty, growing demands for natural resources, land use change that degrades ecosystem productivity, invasive non-native species that harm natural ecosystems, and climate change that is affecting all ecosystems. Addressing these linked challenges will require mobilizing all parts of the economy, including the protected area estate. For example, protected areas can take a leadership role in rural development, expand the conservation estate to half of the planet through connectivity and improved management of more of the non-agricultural land, enhance the prominent role of protected areas in contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation, encourage productive research on applying modern technology to protected areas management, seek broader private sector participation in conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services, and include protected areas as relevant parties in relevant trade and other international negotiations. When protected area managers embrace this broader role, they will find enthusiastic public support for this contribution to a sustainable human society.
自然为人类提供了巨大的益处，特别是对那些生活在保护区内及周边的人而言。保护区的生态系统服务包括提供野生食物、支持生物多样性和水循环、调节气候，以及提供文化服务，如更好的健康、旅游和为子孙后代留下遗产。从经济角度来看，保护区提供的生态系统服务每年的流动价值数千亿美元，这充分证明了管理这些场所的成本是合理的，但保护区正面临着一些环境问题，如人口增长、农村贫困、对自然资源需求的增长、土地利用变化降低了生态系统的生产力、入侵的非本地物种破坏自然生态系统，以及气候变化正在影响所有生态系统。解决这些相互关联的挑战需要调动经济的各个部分，包括保护区产业。例如，保护区可以在农村发展中发挥领导作用，通过连接性和更好地管理更多的非农业土地，将保护区的保护面积扩大到地球的一半，加强保护区在减缓气候变化和适应气候变化方面的突出作用，鼓励在应用现代技术管理保护区方面进行富有成效的研究，寻求私营部门更广泛地参与保护生物多样性和生态系统服务，以及在相关贸易和其他国际谈判中，将保护区作为相关方。当保护区管理者接受这一更广泛的角色时，他们将得到公众对保护区为可持续人类社会做出贡献的热烈支持。
