School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Sep 15;636:1128-1138. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.353. Epub 2018 May 3.
Experiences with nature through visits to protected areas provide important cultural ecosystem services that have the potential to strengthen pro-environmental attitudes and behavior. Understanding accessibility to protected areas and likely preferences for enjoying the benefits of nature visits are key factors in identifying ways to reduce inequality in access and inform the planning and management for future protected areas. We develop, at a regional scale, a novel social media database of visits to public protected areas in part of the Chilean biodiversity hotspot using geotagged photographs and assess the inequality of access using the home locations of the visitors and socio-economic data. We find that 20% of the population of the region make 87% of the visits to protected areas. The larger, more biodiverse protected areas were the most visited and provided most cultural ecosystem services. Wealthier people tend to travel further to visit protected areas while people with lower incomes tend to visit protected areas that are closer to home. By providing information on the current spatial flows of people to protected areas, we demonstrate the need to expand the protected area network, especially in lower income areas, to reduce inequality in access to the benefits from cultural ecosystem services provided by nature to people.
通过参观保护区来体验自然，为人们提供了重要的文化生态系统服务，这些服务有可能增强人们的环保态度和行为。了解人们进入保护区的便利性以及他们可能更喜欢享受自然游览的好处，是确定减少进入不平等和为未来保护区规划和管理提供信息的关键因素。我们利用地理标记照片，在智利生物多样性热点地区的一部分，以区域规模开发了一个新的社交媒体数据库，用于记录公众对保护区的访问情况，并利用游客的家庭住址和社会经济数据评估进入的不平等性。我们发现，该地区 20%的人口进行了 87%的保护区访问。面积较大、生物多样性较多的保护区更受欢迎，也提供了更多的文化生态系统服务。较富裕的人往往会去更远的地方旅行，以访问保护区，而收入较低的人则倾向于访问离家较近的保护区。通过提供有关人们目前前往保护区的空间流动情况的信息，我们证明需要扩大保护区网络，特别是在低收入地区，以减少人们享受自然提供的文化生态系统服务所带来的利益方面的进入不平等。
