College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China.
Poult Sci. 2020 May;99(5):2573-2580. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.044. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
This study investigated the effects of fermented-feed diets on growth performance, immune status, and antioxidant responses in laying hen chicks and the underlying molecular mechanism, specifically, the role of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. A total of 80 healthy 14-day-old laying hen chicks were randomly divided into 4 treatments: basal diet (CON); basal diet supplemented with 7.5% fermented feed (FD); FD diet plus the NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 (FD + BAY); and FD diet plus the NF-κB inhibitor JSH-23 (FD + JSH). The NF-κB inhibitors were administered by intraperitoneal injection. The experiment lasted 21 D. Fermented feed supplementation significantly increased the body weight and average body weight gain of laying hen chicks but significantly decreased the feed conversion ratio. Additionally, fermented feed supplementation significantly increased mitogen-activated T-cell and B-cell proliferation in the peripheral blood, as well as elevated the serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α); however, NF-κB inhibition significantly reduced T-cell proliferation and serum IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. The levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, and Newcastle disease virus antibody in the serum were significantly increased by the addition of fermented feed. Furthermore, fermented feed supplementation significantly improved antioxidant function, as indicated by the increases of total antioxidant capacity, total superoxide dismutase activity, and glutathione peroxidase activity and the decrease of malonaldehyde level. However, NF-κB inhibition reversed these changes. Western blot analysis showed that fermented feed treatment increased splenic IκB kinase β and NF-κB protein levels, whereas these increases were prevented by NF-κB inhibition. In conclusion, fermented feed improves the growth performance, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of laying hen chicks. Fermented feed-induced modulation of T-cell proliferation, T helper type 1 and T helper type 2 cytokine production, and antioxidation is associated with NF-κB activation.
本研究探讨了发酵饲料对产蛋鸡雏生长性能、免疫状态和抗氧化反应的影响及其潜在的分子机制，特别是核因子-κB（NF-κB）信号通路的作用。将 80 只健康的 14 日龄产蛋鸡雏随机分为 4 个处理组：基础日粮（CON）；基础日粮添加 7.5%发酵饲料（FD）；FD 日粮加 NF-κB 抑制剂 BAY 11-7082（FD+BAY）；FD 日粮加 NF-κB 抑制剂 JSH-23（FD+JSH）。NF-κB 抑制剂通过腹腔注射给药。试验持续 21 天。发酵饲料添加显著提高了产蛋鸡雏的体重和平均体重增重，但显著降低了饲料转化率。此外，发酵饲料添加显著增加了外周血中有丝分裂原激活的 T 细胞和 B 细胞的增殖，并提高了血清中白细胞介素（IL）-1、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6 和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）的浓度；然而，NF-κB 抑制显著降低了 T 细胞增殖和血清 IL-1、IL-6 和 TNF-α水平。添加发酵饲料显著提高了血清中 IgA、IgG、IgM 和新城疫病毒抗体的水平。此外，发酵饲料添加显著改善了抗氧化功能，表现为总抗氧化能力、总超氧化物歧化酶活性和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的增加以及丙二醛水平的降低。然而，NF-κB 抑制逆转了这些变化。Western blot 分析显示，发酵饲料处理增加了脾脏 IκB 激酶β和 NF-κB 蛋白水平，而 NF-κB 抑制阻止了这些增加。总之，发酵饲料提高了产蛋鸡雏的生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力。发酵饲料诱导的 T 细胞增殖、T 辅助 1 型和 T 辅助 2 型细胞因子产生和抗氧化作用与 NF-κB 激活有关。
