Brookman-Byrne Annie, Mareschal Denis, Tolmie Andrew K, Dumontheil Iroise
Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Sciences Birkbeck, University of London.
Centre for Educational Neuroscience University of London.
Mind Brain Educ. 2019 Aug;13(3):211-223. doi: 10.1111/mbe.12212. Epub 2019 Aug 16.
Relational reasoning, the ability to detect meaningful patterns, matures through adolescence. The unique contributions of verbal analogical and nonverbal matrix relational reasoning to science and maths are not well understood. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected during science and maths problem-solving, and participants ( = 36, 11-15 years) also completed relational reasoning and executive function tasks. Higher verbal analogical reasoning associated with higher accuracy and faster reaction times in science and maths, and higher activation in the left anterior temporal cortex during maths problem-solving. Higher nonverbal matrix reasoning associated with higher science accuracy, higher science activation in regions across the brain, and lower maths activation in the right middle temporal gyrus. Science associations mostly remained significant when individual differences in executive functions and verbal IQ were taken into account, while maths associations typically did not. The findings indicate the potential importance of supporting relational reasoning in adolescent science and maths learning.
关系推理，即发现有意义模式的能力，在青少年时期逐渐成熟。言语类比和非言语矩阵关系推理对科学和数学的独特贡献尚未得到充分理解。在解决科学和数学问题时收集了功能磁共振成像数据，参与者（n = 36，11 - 15岁）还完成了关系推理和执行功能任务。较高的言语类比推理与科学和数学中更高的准确性及更快的反应时间相关，并且在解决数学问题时左前颞叶皮质有更高的激活。较高的非言语矩阵推理与更高的科学准确性、大脑各区域更高的科学激活以及右中颞回较低的数学激活相关。当考虑到执行功能和言语智商的个体差异时，科学方面的关联大多仍然显著，而数学方面的关联通常不显著。研究结果表明在青少年科学和数学学习中支持关系推理的潜在重要性。
