Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst, Dubrovitsy 142132, Russian.
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia.
Genes (Basel). 2020 Apr 30;11(5):491. doi: 10.3390/genes11050491.
Reproductive productivity depend on a complex set of characteristics. The number of piglets at birth (Total number born, Litter size, TNB) and the number of alive piglets at birth (Total number born alive, NBA) are the main indicators of the reproductive productivity of sows in pig breeding. Great hopes are pinned on GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Studies) to solve the problems associated with studying the genetic architecture of reproductive traits of pigs. This paper provides an overview of international studies on SNP (Single nucleotide polymorphism) associated with TNB and NBA in pigs presented in PigQTLdb as "Genome map association". Currently on the base of Genome map association results 306 SNPs associated with TNB (218 SNPs) and NBA (88 SNPs) have been identified and presented in the Pig QTLdb database. The results are based on research of pigs such as Large White, Yorkshire, Landrace, Berkshire, Duroc and Erhualian. The presented review shows that most SNPs found in chromosome areas where candidate genes or QTLs (Quantitative trait locus) have been identified. Further research in the given direction will allow to obtain new data that will become an impulse for creating breakthrough breeding technologies and increase the production efficiency in pig farming.
繁殖生产力取决于一系列复杂的特征。出生仔猪的数量（总出生数、窝产仔数、TNB）和出生时存活仔猪的数量（总出生数存活、NBA）是猪繁殖母猪繁殖生产力的主要指标。人们对 GWAS（全基因组关联研究）寄予厚望，希望能够解决研究猪繁殖性状遗传结构的相关问题。本文概述了在 PigQTLdb 中作为“基因组图谱关联”呈现的与 TNB 和 NBA 相关的 SNP（单核苷酸多态性）的国际研究。目前，基于基因组图谱关联结果，已经确定并在 Pig QTLdb 数据库中呈现了 306 个与 TNB（218 个 SNP）和 NBA（88 个 SNP）相关的 SNP。这些结果是基于对大白猪、约克夏猪、长白猪、伯克夏猪、杜洛克猪和二花脸猪等猪种的研究得出的。所呈现的综述表明，大多数 SNP 发现于候选基因或 QTL（数量性状位点）已被鉴定的染色体区域。在给定方向的进一步研究将获得新的数据，这将成为突破性养殖技术的推动力，并提高养猪业的生产效率。
