General Psychiatry Department, Sint-Lucas, Bruges, Belgium, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Dept Child & Adolescent psychiatry, Center for Gender and Sexuology, Pediatric Gender Clinic, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
Int J Impot Res. 2021 Mar;33(2):217-227. doi: 10.1038/s41443-020-0291-z. Epub 2020 May 4.
Gender dysphoria (GD) in children and adolescents is a condition that is characterized by an incongruence between the assigned and experienced gender. Despite the diversity in clinical presentation, literature demonstrates that GD might lead to poor mental health and high rates of co-occurring psychopathology. Due to the overlap of physical aspects as well as psychological needs in these children, a multidisciplinary approach is highly desirable. The aim of this narrative review is to give an overview of recent literature on several topics relevant in this domain. Guidelines on psychological counseling and hormonal treatment are given and challenging topics subject to controversy are explained. Furthermore, attention is drawn to the risks and protective factors in psychological functioning, including the growing evidence of a frequent co-occurrence with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Finally the psycho-sexual development in these children, the impact on fertility and fertility preservation are discussed.
儿童和青少年的性别焦虑症（GD）是一种表现为分配性别和体验性别之间不一致的病症。尽管临床表现存在多样性，但文献表明，GD 可能导致心理健康状况不佳和同时存在较高的精神病理学发生率。由于这些儿童在身体方面和心理需求方面存在重叠，因此非常需要采用多学科方法。本叙述性综述的目的是概述与该领域相关的几个主题的最新文献。提供了关于心理辅导和激素治疗的指南，并解释了存在争议的具有挑战性的主题。此外，还关注了心理功能方面的风险和保护因素，包括越来越多的证据表明其与自闭症谱系障碍经常同时发生。最后，讨论了这些儿童的性心理发展、对生育能力的影响和生育力保存。
