9305University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.
189743ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, Italy.
Nurs Ethics. 2020 Sep;27(6):1461-1471. doi: 10.1177/0969733020914350. Epub 2020 May 5.
Personal values influence nursing students' development of professional values, which affect professional outcomes, and how nursing students react to different situations. Personal values can be shaped by different factors, including culture, gender, and age.
To explore personal values held by nursing students, and to verify if and how gender and year of study affect nursing students' personal values.
A multicenter, cross-sectional study was used.
The whole population of nursing undergraduate students available at the time was recruited from eight centers of two Universities, composing a sample of 947 students. Demographic data were collected and it was administered the Portrait Values Questionnaire.
Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Boards of the University of the participating centers.
The study sample was mainly composed of young (92.6%, n = 877), female (77.3%, n = 732), Italian (95.8%, n = 907), and unmarried (98.6%, n = 934) nursing students. The most important value for nursing students, consistently through the years of nursing school, was Self-transcendence, which has the motivational emphasis on helping others and selflessness. Then, we found that male students had higher levels of Power (p < 0.001) and Achievement (p = 0.031), while female students outscored male students in Benevolence (p = 0.005) and Security (p = 0.006). Year of study showed no statistically significant difference.
Nursing students express high levels in hetero-directed values. Male nursing students, although they choose a stereotypically feminine profession, outscored females in stereotypical masculine values such as dominance and success. This is the first study that describes the personal value profile of undergraduate nursing students, according to the Theory of Basic Human Values, and it is a starting point for future research.
Nursing educators might want to consider the findings from this study while guiding students in developing awareness for their personal values.
个人价值观影响护理学生专业价值观的发展，进而影响其专业成果，以及护理学生对不同情况的反应。个人价值观可能受到文化、性别和年龄等不同因素的影响。
探索护理学生的个人价值观，并验证性别和学习年限是否以及如何影响护理学生的个人价值观。
采用多中心、横断面研究方法。
从两所大学的八个中心招募了当时所有的护理本科学生作为研究对象，共纳入 947 名学生。收集人口统计学数据，并进行了《人格价值观问卷》的测试。
参与中心的机构审查委员会批准了该研究的伦理问题。
研究样本主要由年轻（92.6%，n=877）、女性（77.3%，n=732）、意大利人（95.8%，n=907）和未婚（98.6%，n=934）的护理学生组成。护理学生最重要的价值观是自我超越，这一价值观始终贯穿于护理学校的各个年级，具有帮助他人和无私的动机。然后，我们发现男生在权力（p<0.001）和成就（p=0.031）方面的得分更高，而女生在仁慈（p=0.005）和安全（p=0.006）方面的得分高于男生。学习年限没有表现出统计学上的显著差异。
护理学生表达了较高水平的他人指向价值观。尽管选择了传统上女性化的职业，男护理学生在传统的男性化价值观如支配和成功方面的得分却高于女性。这是第一项根据基本人类价值观理论描述本科护理学生个人价值观特征的研究，也是未来研究的起点。
护理教育工作者在指导学生培养对个人价值观的认识时，可能需要考虑本研究的结果。
