Remichi Hayet, Hani Fatma Amira, Rebouh Myriem, Benmohand Chabha, Zenad Wahiba, Boudjellaba Sofiane
Department of Canine Medicine and General Surgery, Higher National Veterinary School of Algiers, Algeria.
Vet World. 2020 Mar;13(3):563-569. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.563-569. Epub 2020 Mar 26.
This study aims to describe the clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of urolithiasis of the lower urinary tract and to determine the main risk factors involved in the occurrence of urinary lithiasis in cats in Algeria from 2016 to 2018.
During the study period, 465 cats were examined and 32 cases of urolithiases were selected and investigated by conducting physical examinations, blood analyses, urinalysis, X-ray radiography, and ultrasonography. Parameters such as breed, age, or sex were studied and reported in a farm return to analyze risk factors involved in the formation of lower urinary urolithiasis.
The most clinically relevant symptoms of urolithiasis observed in cats were dysuria, pollakiuria, hematuria, and stranguria. Urinalysis and blood analysis revealed a significant presence of urinary crystals and acute kidney failure in nine cats. The ultrasonography and radiography confirmed the diagnosis of urolithiasis with the incidence of 43.75% and 31.25%, respectively. The lower urinary tract urolithiasis appeared to be more frequent in European and Siamese cats. In addition, cats aged between 4 and 8 years old were the most affected. Male cats (87.50%) were more affected than female cats. Finally, the lower urinary tract urolithiasis was more frequent in cats consuming the commercial pet food, previously castrated, and confined inside the house.
Complete clinical assessments, in addition to complementary examinations, are necessary and beneficial in treating the animal and preventing possible complications. Whether the choice of therapy is surgical or treatment with drugs, it is crucial to understand that the elimination of the stone is not an end, but the beginning of a series of investigations. Because of their impact on both the formation and elimination of metabolites, it has been found that factors, such as race, gender, age, diet, and lifestyle, should be considered as potential risk factors for urolithiasis.
本研究旨在描述下尿路尿石症的临床症状、诊断和治疗，并确定2016年至2018年阿尔及利亚猫发生尿路结石的主要风险因素。
在研究期间，对465只猫进行了检查，并选择了32例尿石症病例，通过体格检查、血液分析、尿液分析、X线摄影和超声检查进行调查。对品种、年龄或性别等参数进行了研究，并在农场报告中进行了报告，以分析下尿路尿石症形成的风险因素。
猫中观察到的尿石症最具临床相关性的症状是排尿困难、尿频、血尿和尿闭。尿液分析和血液分析显示，9只猫中有明显的尿结晶和急性肾衰竭。超声检查和X线摄影分别以43.75%和31.25%的发病率确诊了尿石症。下尿路尿石症在欧洲猫和暹罗猫中似乎更常见。此外，4至8岁的猫受影响最大。雄性猫（87.50%）比雌性猫受影响更大。最后，下尿路尿石症在食用商业宠物食品、先前已阉割并圈养在室内的猫中更常见。
除了辅助检查外，完整的临床评估对于治疗动物和预防可能的并发症是必要且有益的。无论治疗选择是手术还是药物治疗，关键是要明白结石的清除不是终点而是一系列调查的开始。由于种族、性别、年龄、饮食和生活方式等因素对代谢物的形成和清除都有影响，因此应将其视为尿石症的潜在风险因素。
