Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Université de Montpellier, F-34060, Montpellier, France.
Redox Biol. 2020 Aug;35:101531. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101531. Epub 2020 Apr 18.
Muscle mass and strength are very important for exercise performance. Training-induced musculoskeletal injuries usually require periods of complete immobilization to prevent any muscle contraction of the affected muscle groups. Disuse muscle wasting will likely affect every sport practitioner in his or her lifetime. Even short periods of disuse results in significant declines in muscle size, fiber cross sectional area, and strength. To understand the molecular signaling pathways involved in disuse muscle atrophy is of the utmost importance to develop more effective countermeasures in sport science research. We have divided our review in four different sections. In the first one we discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle atrophy including the main protein synthesis and protein breakdown signaling pathways. In the second section of the review we deal with the main cellular, animal, and human atrophy models. The sources of reactive oxygen species in disuse muscle atrophy and the mechanism through which they regulate protein synthesis and proteolysis are reviewed in the third section of this review. The last section is devoted to the potential interventions to prevent muscle disuse atrophy with especial consideration to studies on which the levels of endogenous antioxidants enzymes or dietary antioxidants have been tested.
肌肉质量和力量对于运动表现非常重要。训练引起的肌肉骨骼损伤通常需要完全固定来防止受影响的肌肉群的任何肌肉收缩。废用性肌肉萎缩可能会影响每个运动从业者的一生。即使是短暂的废用也会导致肌肉大小、纤维横截面积和力量的显著下降。了解废用性肌肉萎缩涉及的分子信号通路对于在运动科学研究中开发更有效的对策至关重要。我们将综述分为四个不同的部分。在第一部分中，我们讨论了肌肉萎缩涉及的分子机制，包括主要的蛋白质合成和蛋白质分解信号通路。在综述的第二部分，我们涉及主要的细胞、动物和人类萎缩模型。在这篇综述的第三部分，我们回顾了废用性肌肉萎缩中活性氧的来源以及它们调节蛋白质合成和蛋白水解的机制。最后一部分专门讨论了预防肌肉废用性萎缩的潜在干预措施，特别考虑了测试内源性抗氧化酶水平或膳食抗氧化剂的研究。
