Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea.
J Econ Entomol. 2020 Aug 13;113(4):1711-1717. doi: 10.1093/jee/toaa088.
Methyl bromide (MB) use for quarantine and phytosanitary purposes is being phased out. Several effective MB alternatives have been identified depending on the target system. Industry commitment for the shift to new technologies will depend not only on the efficacy of alternatives but also on their compatibility and integrability into existing operations. We compared the efficacy of MB and ethyl formate (EF) for disinfestation of Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) as a representative surface pest on banana and evaluated whether EF fumigation is compatible with the current packaging materials and loading ratio used by the South Korean banana import industry. Fumigation trials with P. citri adults and eggs showed that EF was at least as effective as MB at the EF and MB concentrations recommended under the current phytosanitary disinfestation guidelines. From a logistical standpoint, EF gas could not effectively penetrate plastic bagging typically used in banana cartons during commercial shipping. Also, EF sorption to bananas and packing materials (used as cushioning inside bagging) further lowered realized EF concentrations around bananas. These reductions in EF concentration translated into reduced mortality of P. citri eggs, indicating that despite similar efficacy of MB and EF for controlling P. citri, further consideration and optimization of other industry logistics such as packaging and loading ratio is necessary to enhance the adoption of this MB alternative.
甲基溴（MB）曾被广泛用于检疫和植物卫生目的，但现在正在逐步淘汰。根据目标系统的不同，已经确定了几种有效的 MB 替代品。行业转向新技术的承诺不仅取决于替代品的效果，还取决于它们的兼容性和与现有操作的可集成性。我们比较了 MB 和甲酸乙酯（EF）对香蕉上代表性表面害虫桔臀纹粉蚧（Risso）（半翅目：粉蚧科）的杀虫效果，并评估了 EF 熏蒸是否与韩国香蕉进口行业目前使用的包装材料和装载率兼容。对桔臀纹粉蚧成虫和卵的熏蒸试验表明，EF 在当前植物卫生熏蒸除害指南推荐的 EF 和 MB 浓度下，至少与 MB 一样有效。从物流角度来看，EF 气体在商业运输过程中无法有效地穿透香蕉纸箱中常用的塑料袋。此外，EF 对香蕉和包装材料（用作袋内缓冲材料）的吸附进一步降低了香蕉周围实际的 EF 浓度。EF 浓度的降低转化为桔臀纹粉蚧卵的死亡率降低，这表明尽管 MB 和 EF 对控制桔臀纹粉蚧的效果相似，但需要进一步考虑和优化其他行业物流，如包装和装载率，以提高对这种 MB 替代品的采用。
