Learning Sciences Institute Australia and School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2020 May;39(4):384-393. doi: 10.1111/dar.13077. Epub 2020 May 5.
This study prospectively investigates behavioural and social antecedents of different patterns of adolescent cannabis use, specifically, early adolescent onset cannabis use and late onset occasional use.
The sample comprised 852 adolescents (53% female) drawn from the Australian arm of the International Youth Development Study. Data were collected via self-report surveys. Risk and protective factors from a modified version of the Communities That Care youth survey were measured in fifth grade (mean [M] = 10.9 years, SD = 0.4). Frequency of cannabis use was measured at six time-points throughout adolescence (ages 12-19 years).
Early adolescent onset cannabis use (10.7% of the sample [n = 91]) was predicted by childhood family-related factors including poor family management, family history of antisocial behaviour and attachment to parents. Cigarette use and drinking until drunk were the strongest predictors of early adolescent onset cannabis use. Cumulative risks associated with community, family, peer/individual environments and early substance use (cigarettes, alcohol) in childhood were predictive of early adolescent onset cannabis use (e.g. relative risk ratio = 2.64; 95% confidence interval 1.40-4.97 for early substance use). Family and early substance use-related cumulative risks were predictive of late adolescent onset occasional cannabis use (n = 231; 27%). Cumulative early substance use risk was the strongest independent predictor of both early adolescent onset and late adolescent onset occasional cannabis use.
Primary prevention efforts should focus on reducing exposure and access to licit substances during late childhood and delaying the onset of use. Prevention and intervention targeted toward the family environment also appears likely to be important in the prevention of early adolescent onset cannabis use.
本研究前瞻性地调查了青少年不同大麻使用模式的行为和社会前因，特别是青少年早期大麻使用和晚期偶尔使用。
该样本包括来自国际青少年发展研究澳大利亚分支的 852 名青少年（53%为女性）。数据通过自我报告调查收集。在五年级（平均[M] = 10.9 岁，SD = 0.4）时，测量了从社区关怀青少年调查修改版中得出的风险和保护因素。在整个青春期（12-19 岁）的六个时间点测量大麻使用的频率。
青少年早期开始使用大麻（样本的 10.7%[n = 91]）由儿童时期与家庭有关的因素预测，包括不良的家庭管理、家庭反社会行为史和与父母的依恋。吸烟和饮酒至醉是青少年早期开始使用大麻的最强预测因素。童年时期与社区、家庭、同伴/个人环境和早期物质使用（香烟、酒精）相关的累积风险预测了青少年早期开始使用大麻（例如，早期物质使用的相对风险比 = 2.64；95%置信区间 1.40-4.97）。家庭和早期物质使用相关的累积风险预测了青少年晚期偶尔开始使用大麻（n = 231；27%）。早期物质使用风险的累积是青少年早期和晚期偶尔开始使用大麻的最强独立预测因素。
初级预防工作应侧重于减少儿童后期对合法物质的接触和获取，并延迟使用的开始。针对家庭环境的预防和干预也可能对预防青少年早期开始使用大麻很重要。
