Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
Viruses. 2020 May 3;12(5):504. doi: 10.3390/v12050504.
Influenza viruses cause infectious respiratory disease characterized by fever, myalgia, and congestion, ranging in severity from mild to life-threating. Although enormous efforts have aimed to prevent and treat influenza infections, seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks remain a major public health concern. This is largely because influenza viruses rapidly undergo genetic mutations that restrict the long-lasting efficacy of vaccine-induced immune responses and therapeutic regimens. In this review, we discuss the virological features of influenza A viruses and provide an overview of current knowledge of the innate sensing of invading influenza viruses and the protective immune responses in the host.
流感病毒引起以发热、肌痛和充血为特征的传染性呼吸道疾病，其严重程度从轻度到危及生命不等。尽管人们付出了巨大的努力来预防和治疗流感感染，但季节性和大流行性流感爆发仍然是一个主要的公共卫生关注点。这主要是因为流感病毒会迅速发生遗传突变，从而限制疫苗诱导的免疫反应和治疗方案的长期效果。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了甲型流感病毒的病毒学特征，并概述了目前对宿主中入侵流感病毒的先天感应和保护性免疫反应的认识。
