Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University School of Medicine Durham, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (MGM), Duke University Medical Center, 213 Research Drive, 426 CARL Building, Box 3054, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Viruses. 2019 Aug 9;11(8):736. doi: 10.3390/v11080736.
Influenza B viruses (IBVs) are major contributors to total human influenza disease, responsible for ~1/3 of all infections. These viruses, however, are relatively less studied than the related influenza A viruses (IAVs). While it has historically been assumed that the viral biology and mechanisms of pathogenesis for all influenza viruses were highly similar, studies have shown that IBVs possess unique characteristics. Relative to IAV, IBV encodes distinct viral proteins, displays a different mutational rate, has unique patterns of tropism, and elicits different immune responses. More work is therefore required to define the mechanisms of IBV pathogenesis. One valuable approach to characterize mechanisms of microbial disease is the use of genetically modified pathogens that harbor exogenous reporter genes. Over the last few years, IBV reporter viruses have been developed and used to provide new insights into the host response to infection, viral spread, and the testing of antiviral therapeutics. In this review, we will highlight the history and study of IBVs with particular emphasis on the use of genetically modified viruses and discuss some remaining gaps in knowledge that can be addressed using reporter expressing IBVs.
乙型流感病毒（IBV）是导致人类流感疾病的主要病原体之一，约占所有感染的 1/3。然而，与相关的甲型流感病毒（IAV）相比，IBV 的研究相对较少。虽然过去人们一直认为所有流感病毒的病毒生物学和发病机制都非常相似，但研究表明 IBV 具有独特的特征。与 IAV 相比，IBV 编码不同的病毒蛋白，具有不同的突变率，具有独特的嗜性模式，并引发不同的免疫反应。因此，需要开展更多的工作来明确 IBV 的发病机制。一种用于描述微生物疾病机制的有价值的方法是使用携带外源报告基因的遗传修饰病原体。在过去的几年中，已经开发并使用了 IBV 报告病毒，以提供对宿主感染反应、病毒传播和抗病毒治疗测试的新见解。在这篇综述中，我们将重点介绍 IBV 的历史和研究情况，特别强调遗传修饰病毒的使用，并讨论使用表达报告基因的 IBV 可以解决的一些知识空白。
