Knecht Damian, Środoń Sebastian, Czyż Katarzyna
Institute of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Biology and Animal Sciences, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
Animals (Basel). 2020 May 3;10(5):794. doi: 10.3390/ani10050794.
The fatness and muscularity of Polish Landrace, Polish Large White gilts and sows and their hybrids were determined on the basis of ultrasound measurements in three consecutive parities, and then the relationship between these parameters and reproductive performance was established. Ultrasound measurements demonstrated the highest fat thickness in first parity and the highest fat area over LD muscle in hybrid gilts (PL × PLW). Pure-bred gilts were characterized by poorer muscularity. Fatness level affected the reproductive parameters of females in which the thickness of backfat in UP2 point was above 22.25 mm, the thickness of backfat in UP4 point was above 17.36 mm and the fat area over LD muscle was above 25.81 cm. These females achieved better farrowing rates and higher numbers of born piglets. Decreased mortality, higher gains of piglets and higher body weight at weaning were observed, and the weaning to service interval was shortened in fatter females. Intramuscular fat content did not affect reproductive parameters. Muscularity negatively affected reproductive performance parameters, except gestation period. Too-high muscularity was related to the lowest levels of reproductive indices. The analysis of gilts and sows' fatness and muscularity levels can help to predict their reproductive performance in the future and thus optimize production results.
基于连续三胎的超声测量结果，测定了波兰长白猪、波兰大白猪后备母猪和经产母猪及其杂种猪的体脂和肌肉状况，进而建立了这些参数与繁殖性能之间的关系。超声测量结果表明，头胎猪的脂肪厚度最高，杂种后备母猪（波兰长白猪×波兰大白猪）背最长肌上的脂肪面积最大。纯种后备母猪的肌肉状况较差。当第2腰椎水平（UP2）背膘厚度超过22.25毫米、第4腰椎水平（UP4）背膘厚度超过17.36毫米以及背最长肌上的脂肪面积超过25.81平方厘米时，体脂水平会影响母猪的繁殖参数。这些母猪的产仔率更高，产仔数更多。较肥的母猪仔猪死亡率降低、生长速度加快、断奶时体重增加，且断奶至配种间隔缩短。肌内脂肪含量不影响繁殖参数。除妊娠期外，肌肉状况对繁殖性能参数有负面影响。肌肉过于发达与最低的繁殖指数相关。对后备母猪和经产母猪的体脂和肌肉状况进行分析，有助于预测它们未来的繁殖性能，从而优化生产结果。
