Wang Kaizhe, Wei Yuhui, Zhang Ping, Wang Jianhua, Hu Jun, Wang Lihua, Li Bin
CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2020 Feb 29;40(2):279-286. doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.02.22.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are lipid bilayer-enclosed nanovesicles secreted by cells. These EVs are important mediators of intercellular communication by serving as vehicles for transfer of proteins, mRNA, miRNA and lipids between cells. Various visualization methods have been established to explore the characteristics of EVs and their role in physiological and pathological processes. The nanoscale size and high heterogeneity of EVs hamper the identification of their biological characteristics and functions. This review presents a comprehensive overview of EV imaging methods in light of the origin, separation and dynamic tracking of EVs, and the advantages and disadvantages of different imaging strategies are discussed. We believe that studies at the levels of single vesicles and single cells will become the frontier of future researches of EVs.
细胞外囊泡（EVs），包括外泌体和微囊泡，是细胞分泌的脂质双层包裹的纳米囊泡。这些细胞外囊泡通过充当细胞间蛋白质、mRNA、miRNA和脂质转移的载体，成为细胞间通讯的重要介质。已经建立了各种可视化方法来探索细胞外囊泡的特征及其在生理和病理过程中的作用。细胞外囊泡的纳米级尺寸和高度异质性阻碍了对其生物学特性和功能的识别。本综述根据细胞外囊泡的起源、分离和动态追踪，对细胞外囊泡成像方法进行了全面概述，并讨论了不同成像策略的优缺点。我们认为，在单个囊泡和单个细胞水平上的研究将成为未来细胞外囊泡研究的前沿。
